Country/entity

South Sudan

Region

Africa (excl MENA)

Agreement name

Resolutions of Oguruny and Haforiere Peace Dialogue and Reconciliation

Date

30 Apr 2017

Agreement status

Multiparty signed/agreed

Interim arrangement

Yes

Agreement/conflict level

Intrastate/local conflict

Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )

Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.

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Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )

Stage

Framework/substantive - partial

Conflict nature

Inter-group

Peace process

South Sudan: Post-secession Local agreements

Parties

Haforiere

[Unsigned]
Representative of Monyomiji

[Unsigned]
Aurelia Asayuk
Landlord of Haforiere-Fwarra

[Unsigned]
Adelio Otturo Ocho
Landlord of Haoriere-Haworu

[Unsigned]
Chief of Haforiere

Oguruny

[Unsigned]
Representative of Monyomiji

[Unsigned]
Regine Valiriano
Landlord of Oguruny

[Unigned]
Chief of Oguruny

Third parties

Witness

[Unsigned]
Representative of Hiyala Monyomiji

Description

This agreement between communities commits them to cease revenge killings and cattle raiding. The communities also agree to pay compensation and surrender guns.

Agreement document

SS_170430_Resolutions of Oguruny and Haforiere Peace Dialogue and Reconciliation_Redacted.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Local agreement properties

Process type

Informal but persistent process

Rationale

The agreement refers to "the resolutions of HITO (Hiyala, lkwoto, Oudo) 2016 and the peace made between our landlords on 25th April 2017" (p. 2), suggesting that this agreement is not the result of an isolated process. However, limited background research did not yield information about any form of structured support or a clear formally established process of peace agreement-making.

Is there a documented link to a national peace process?

No

Link to national process: articulated rationale

This agreement deals with local instances of killings and cattle raiding and does not appear to have any substantive links to the national-level peace process in South Sudan.

Name of Locale

Haforiere and Oguruny

Nature of Locale

Region

GPS Lat/Long (DD)

4.420000, 32.861000

Participant type

Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations

Mediator, facilitator or similar

No mention of mediator or similar

Local issues

Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)

No specific mention.

Grievance List

No specific mention.

Cattle rustling/banditry

Page 2, 1. Ending conflict and violence, There shall be no more revenge killing and cattle raiding of any form of violence between Ohonymorok and Ohebehebe as directed by the Landlords' during their peace forum of 25th April 2017.

Social cover

No specific mention.