Feuille de route des negotiations dans le cadre du processus d’Alger

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Country/entity: Mali
Azawad
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Feuille de route des negotiations dans le cadre du processus d’Alger
Date: 24 Jul 2014
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Tuareg Wars (1962 - )
Mali-Azawad
The nomadic Tuareg in the north of Mali maintained a long-standing revolt against a government traditionally dominated by southern politicians shortly after Mali became independent from France in 1960. The uprisings focused in and around the Azawad region, north of Timbuktu. After several outbreaks of violence during the 1980s, violence peaked with the 1990 outbreak of the Tuareg Rebellion. Following an initial defeat by the Malian Armed Forces, reparations by the government of Alpha Konare included the creation of the self-governing Kidal region. Violence in 1994 died down following peace between moderates on both sides in 1995 and a negotiated peace agreement. Violence continued due to a lack of integration by combatants, but it was not until 2011 that the situation again escalated in the aftermath of the Arab Spring and the disintegration of Libya, which resulted in a heavy inflow of small arms, and the increased involvement by Algeria. In January 2012, the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) together with several other groups took full control of the region. Disputes on how to handle the situation led to a military coup against President Touré in March 2012 that, in turn, resulted in further turmoil. The MNLA declared the independence of Azawad, but soon lost control of most of the territory to radical Islamist militias including Ansar Dine. A French intervention in January 2013 paved the way for a UN mission, which was established in April of that year. In June 2015 multiple declarations culminated in a final agreement between several Azawad-affiliated groups, including MNLA, and the government of Mali to end hostilities. However, inadequate implementation of the agreement results in continual armed confrontations between pro-government militias, Azawad-affiliated groups, dissidents of Azawad-affiliated groups, ethnically oriented groups, and increasingly since 2017, radical Islamist militias.

Niger-Aïr-Azawad
In 1990 the nomadic Tuareg in northern Niger explicitly sought greater political autonomy following decades of grievances on local political exclusion. With the first armed group Aïr and Azawad Liberation Front (FLAA) to be established in 1991, fighting between 1990 to 1995 took place largely in the Air Mountains. A short-lived truce was agreed in 1994 between the Niger Government and the Tuareg umbrella organisation Coordination of Armed Resistance (CRA), later called Organisation of Armed Resistance (ORA). Another accord was signed in April 1995 in Ouagadougou with various other Tuareg groups and some Toubou, the last signing in 1998. After ten years of relative peace, Movement of Nigeriens for Justice (MNJ) reinvigorated conflicts in 2007 following little follow up by the Nigeriene government on the signed peace agreements.
Stage: Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties: (Signed)
Pour le Gouvernement de la République du Mali
S.E.M Abdoulaye DIOP
Ministre des Affaires Etrangères, de l'Intégration et de la Coopération Internationale

(Signed)
Pour le Mouvement Arabe de l'Azawad (MAA)
Ahmed Ould SIDI MOHAMED
Secrétaire Général

(Signed)
Pour la Coordination des Mouvements et Forces Patriotiques de Resistance (CMFPR)
Maitre Harouna TOUREH
Président

(Signed)
Pour la Coalition du Peuple Pour l'Azawad (CPA)
M. Ibrahim ag MOHAMED ASSALAH
Président
Third parties: Pour la Médiation

(Signed)
Pour la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire, Chef de file de la Médiation
S.E.M. Ramtane LAMAMRA
Ministre des Affaires Etrangères

(Signed)
Pour la Médiation de la Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO)
TRAORE A. Karim
Conseiller Technique du Ministre d'Etat, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et le a Coopération régionale du Burkina Faso

(Signed)
Pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies/Mission Multidimensionnelle Intégrée des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation du Mali
M. Albert Gérard KOENDERS,
Représentant spécial du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies
Chef de la MINUSMA

(Signed)
Pour l'Union Africaine
S.E.M. Pierre BUYOYA
Haut Représentant de l'Union Africaine pour le Mali et la Sahel

(Signed)
Pour l'Organisiation de la Coopération Islamique
Dr. Mohamed COMPAORE
Représentant de l'OCI auprès de l'Envoyé spécial pour le Mali et le Sahel

(Signed)
Pour l'Union Européenne
M. Michel Dominique REVEYRAND DE MENTHON
Représentant spécial de l'UE pour le Sahel

(Signed)
Pour le Burkina Faso
M. TRAORE A. Karim
Conseiller Technique du Ministre d'Etat, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et le a Coopération régionale du Burkina Faso

(Signed)
Pour la République Islamique de Mauritanie
M. Mohamed Ould MOHAMED LAMINE
Chargé d' Affaires. ai de l'Ambassade de la République Islamique de Mauretanie en Algérie

(Signed)
Pour la République du Niger
S.E.M. Elhadji Mahamidou YAHAYA
Ambassadeur de la République du Niger en Algérie

(Signed)
Pour la République du Tchad
S.E.M. Salah Hamid HEGUERA
Ambassadeur de la République du Tchad en Algérie
Description: This roadmap sets out the principles, timetable and process of the peace negotiations. It includes a ceasefire.

Agreement document: ML_140724_Feuille de route des negotiations dans le cadre du processus d'Alger_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): ML_140724_Feuille de route des negotiations dans le cadre du processus Alger_FR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 2, V. THE PARTIES:
[...]
These parties are encouraged to focus their negotiation on identifying as rapidly as possible the components of a global and definitive solution, and to take into account the legitimate claims of the populations of the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”, while fully respecting the territorial integrity, national unity and republican nature of the Malian State.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Creating conditions for the voluntary and safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes;
[...]
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, III. BASIC PRINCIPLES:
To this end, the parties:

• Reiterate:
- their respect for national unity and the territorial integrity of Mali;
- their respect for the republican and secular nature of Mali;

Page 2, V. THE PARTIES:
[...]
These parties are encouraged to focus their negotiation on identifying as rapidly as possible the components of a global and definitive solution, and to take into account the legitimate claims of the populations of the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”, while fully respecting the territorial integrity, national unity and republican nature of the Malian State.
[...]
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)
[...]
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 3, VII. TIMETABLE FOR THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
2 – Negotiating basic issues:
This stage shall kick-off negotiations on the main questions. Essentially it shall work within a framework of themed negotiating groups. Plenary sessions are also planned.
It shall begin on August 7 and last until September 11, 2104. It shall re-commence at the beginning of October, and should lead to a regulation plan as a basis for developing a Peace Agreement.
The parties shall work to raise awareness and promote the main components of the Agreement, by organising meetings and forums with the population, political and civil organisations, community leaders and other national actors, in order to make the negotiations more inclusive.

Page 7, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
Recognising their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular concerning the protection of civilians in times of armed conflict and the humane treatment of persons not involved in the hostilities, and in addition committed to facilitating the humanitarian operations of the United Nations and other humanitarian partners;
[...]
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
Page 1, IV. BASIC REFERENCES:
The following documents constitute the main references for the peace negotiations:
• the Constitution of Mali;
[...]

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 4, VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUPS:
• The negotiations shall primarily take place within the thematic groups. Discussions will be organised by theme.
• There shall be a negotiating group for each theme, and, where necessary workshops.
• A work plan shall be developed by each negotiating group, according to the theme being discussed.
• The operational methods of the groups relate principally to the second and third stages of the negotiations.
In light of the above, the following Thematic Groups shall be established:
[...]
• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Page 4-5, IX- PEACE NEGOTIATIONS THEMES:
The discussions shall be structured around the following themes:
[...]
• Identifying the key elements of a global and definitive solution in the following areas:
[...]
• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)
[...]

Page 6, ALGIERS PROCESS FRAMEWORK, NEGOTIATING TIMETABLE:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP IV:

• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions
[...]

Page 7, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
Recognising their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular concerning the protection of civilians in times of armed conflict and the humane treatment of persons not involved in the hostilities, and in addition committed to facilitating the humanitarian operations of the United Nations and other humanitarian partners;
[...]
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of movement
Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:
[...]
6. The cessation of all acts of harassment and violence towards the civilian population; and respect for the free movement of people and goods;
[...]
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 1, II. PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS:
[...]
• Information and communication designed to appease and to establish a climate of peace and security, shall be ensured.

Page 2, V. THE PARTIES:
• The Malian Government, on one hand;
• The Movements signatory to the “Declaration of Algiers” of June 9, 2014,
• The Movements signatory to the Preliminary Algiers Platform of June 14, on the other.

These parties are encouraged to focus their negotiation on identifying as rapidly as possible the components of a global and definitive solution, and to take into account the legitimate claims of the populations of the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”, while fully respecting the territorial integrity, national unity and republican nature of the Malian State.

They are requested to inform all the components of Malian society to this effect.

Page 3, VII. TIMETABLE FOR THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
2 – Negotiating basic issues:
This stage shall kick-off negotiations on the main questions. Essentially it shall work within a framework of themed negotiating groups. Plenary sessions are also planned.
It shall begin on August 7 and last until September 11, 2104. It shall re-commence at the beginning of October, and should lead to a regulation plan as a basis for developing a Peace Agreement.
The parties shall work to raise awareness and promote the main components of the Agreement, by organising meetings and forums with the population, political and civil organisations, community leaders and other national actors, in order to make the negotiations more inclusive.

Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:
[...]
8. Ongoing awareness-raising of armed elements on the ground and of communities on their mutual engagements in the framework of the ongoing peace process;
[...]
Mobility/access: Page 7, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
Recognising their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular concerning the protection of civilians in times of armed conflict and the humane treatment of persons not involved in the hostilities, and in addition committed to facilitating the humanitarian operations of the United Nations and other humanitarian partners;
[...]

Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:
[...]
6. The cessation of all acts of harassment and violence towards the civilian population; and respect for the free movement of people and goods;
[...]
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 7, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
Recognising their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular concerning the protection of civilians in times of armed conflict and the humane treatment of persons not involved in the hostilities, and in addition committed to facilitating the humanitarian operations of the United Nations and other humanitarian partners;
[...]
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: Justice sector reform→Criminal justice and emergency law→Criminal Justice System reform
Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Reform of the judicial system;
[...]
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, III. BASIC PRINCIPLES:
To this end, the parties:
[...]
Renew their wish to seek political, economic and social solutions as a prerequisite for a durable peace and resolution of the conflict.

Page 4, VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUPS:
• The negotiations shall primarily take place within the thematic groups. Discussions will be organised by theme.
• There shall be a negotiating group for each theme, and, where necessary workshops.
• A work plan shall be developed by each negotiating group, according to the theme being discussed.
• The operational methods of the groups relate principally to the second and third stages of the negotiations.
In light of the above, the following Thematic Groups shall be established:
[...]
• Economic, social and cultural development;
[...]
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Guarantees and international support.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Other
Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
... • Specific aspects of local cultures;
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, II. PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS:
[...]
• Information and communication designed to appease and to establish a climate of peace and security, shall be ensured.

Page 4, VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUPS:
• The negotiations shall primarily take place within the thematic groups. Discussions will be organised by theme.
• There shall be a negotiating group for each theme, and, where necessary workshops.
• A work plan shall be developed by each negotiating group, according to the theme being discussed.
• The operational methods of the groups relate principally to the second and third stages of the negotiations.
In light of the above, the following Thematic Groups shall be established:
[...]
• Defence and security;
[...]
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 3, VII. TIMETABLE FOR THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
1 – First stage (July 16-24, 2014):
This stage shall deal with the preliminaries for the negotiations and establish the basis for the peace process. To this end it shall:
[...]
• Strengthen confidence-building measures, in particular by consolidating the ceasefire;
[...]

Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:

1. An immediate cessation of hostilities;
2. Deployment on the ground as soon as possible, of a Joint Committee tasked with making contact with the actors to facilitate consolidation of the cessation of hostilities, and for which the operational methods shall be entrusted to MINUSMA;
[...]
6. The cessation of all acts of harassment and violence towards the civilian population; and respect for the free movement of people and goods;

7. The cessation of all provocative acts or propositions which may damage growing confidence between the parties;
[...]

[Page 7-8 summary: provide as a whole for a ceasefire and its modalities. Its components have been coded under the specific categories.]

[Ceasefire takes immediate effect. It is not indicated whether it is temporary or permanent.]
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Deployment of the Army and related reorganisation of the defence and security forces;
• Managing security in the towns;

[...]
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Cantonment/disarmament and the destination of combatants;
[...]
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, IV. BASIC REFERENCES:
[...]
The platforms of the belligerent movements will also be taken into account in the themed negotiating groups.

Page 3, VII. TIMETABLE FOR THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
1 – First stage (July 16-24, 2014):
This stage shall deal with the preliminaries for the negotiations and establish the basis for the peace process. To this end it shall:
[...]
• Pursue efforts to reconcile the positions of the Movements.

Page 4, VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
There may also be:
• Specific negotiations between the Government and the belligerent movements
• Bilateral meetings
• Use of expert resources as needed.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• The fight against terrorism;
[...]

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)
[...]
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)
[...]
Prisoner release: Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Release of detained persons;
[...]

Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:
[...]
3. The release of prisoners and all other persons detained anywhere as a result of the conflict;
[...]
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 4, VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUPS:
• The negotiations shall primarily take place within the thematic groups. Discussions will be organised by theme.
• There shall be a negotiating group for each theme, and, where necessary workshops.
• A work plan shall be developed by each negotiating group, according to the theme being discussed.
• The operational methods of the groups relate principally to the second and third stages of the negotiations.
In light of the above, the following Thematic Groups shall be established:
[...]
• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Page 4-5, IX- PEACE NEGOTIATIONS THEMES:
The discussions shall be structured around the following themes:
[...]
• Identifying the key elements of a global and definitive solution in the following areas:
[...]
• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Page 5, X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST:
The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:
[...]
• Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)
[...]

Page 6, ALGIERS PROCESS FRAMEWORK, NEGOTIATING TIMETABLE:
[...]
THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP IV:

• Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions
[...]

Implementation

UN signatory: (Signed)
Pour l'Organisation des Nations Unies/Mission Multidimensionnelle Intégrée des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation du Mali
M. Albert Gérard KOENDERS,
Représentant spécial du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies
Chef de la MINUSMA
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 7-8, DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES:
[...]
The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:
[...]
2. Deployment on the ground as soon as possible, of a Joint Committee tasked with making contact with the actors to facilitate consolidation of the cessation of hostilities, and for which the operational methods shall be entrusted to MINUSMA;
[...]
To support the effective implementation of the above commitments, MINUSMA shall take the following measures:

1. The military presence in the Tabankort-Anefi-Almoustarat-Tarkint sector shall be reinforced, with ground and aerial patrols, in order to protect the civilian populations;

2. There shall be immediate operationalisation of the EMOV for the Tabankort-Anefi-Almoustarat-Tarkint sector, based on the Document on the organisation and remit of EMOVs adopted by CMTS during its working session of July 16, 2014.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Malian Government, https://web.archive.org/web/20200107162635/https://photos.state.gov/libraries/mali/231771/PDFs/Road_Map_Final.pdf

ROAD MAP FOR NEGOTIATIONS IN THE ALGIERS PROCESS FRAMEWORK

I. OBJECTIVE OF THE ROAD MAP

The objective of the present road map is to put in place a framework for the peace negotiations which shall lead to a global and negotiated solution to the problem of the Regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the Parties as “Azawad”;

This negotiation framework agreed between the parties shall produce the climate of confidence needed for a definitive resolution of the conflict;

The road map sets out the principles and basic references and specifies the provisions for regulating the conflict.

It shall list the necessary elements for proper conduct of the negotiations, creating a climate of confidence and leading to concrete results.

II. PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS PROCESS

The negotiations shall be based on thorough background work, designed to establish the foundations of the peace process.

The process shall proceed without haste but with the aim of moving forward;

The background work shall consider all aspects of the conflict, including sensitive issues;

the discussions shall be open, frank and sincere.

They shall consider the general interest.

Previous Peace Agreements shall be referred to for inspiration, to build on their experience and to avoid the pitfalls of the past.

Information and communication designed to appease and to establish a climate of peace and security, shall be ensured.

III. BASIC PRINCIPLES

To this end, the parties:

Reiterate:

their respect for national unity and the territorial integrity of Mali;

their respect for the republican and secular nature of Mali;

Reaffirm their commitment to a peaceful resolution to the conflict;

Declare their support for dialogue and negotiation as means of resolving their differences;

Renew their wish to seek political, economic and social solutions as a prerequisite for a durable peace and resolution of the conflict.

IV. BASIC REFERENCES

The following documents constitute the main references for the peace negotiations:

the Constitution of Mali;

resolutions 2100 and 2164, the Declarations of the Security Council, and the relevant decisions of the African Union, CEDEAO, and OCI;

the Preliminary Agreement for the presidential election and inclusive peace negotiations of June 18, 2013.

The discussions may also take into account earlier peace agreements, namely:

the Algiers Agreement of July 4, 2006,

the National Pact of April 11, 1992;

the Tamanrasset Agreement of January 6, 1991;

as well as the documents used to prepare the launch of the peace negotiations, including:

the Final Communique of the visit of President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita to Algeria on January 18 and 19, 2014;

The Algiers Declaration of June 9, 2014;

The Closing Communiques of the three high level agreements on the negotiating process.

The platforms of the belligerent movements will also be taken into account in the themed negotiating groups.

V. THE PARTIES

The Malian Government, on one hand;

The Movements signatory to the “Declaration of Algiers” of June 9, 2014,

The Movements signatory to the Preliminary Algiers Platform of June 14, on the other.

These parties are encouraged to focus their negotiation on identifying as rapidly as possible the components of a global and definitive solution, and to take into account the legitimate claims of the populations of the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”, while fully respecting the territorial integrity, national unity and republican nature of the Malian State.

They are requested to inform all the components of Malian society to this effect.

V. MEDIATION AND SUPPORT

The parties shall be assisted by a Mediation team led by Algeria, made up of mediators from CEDEAO, UN/MINUSMA, UA, OCI, EU, as well as Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger and Chad.

The bilateral and multilateral partners shall work to provide effective support for the Malian parties during the negotiation, in order to find a rapid, definitive and durable solution to the current crisis, and to achieve genuine reconciliation between all the people of Mali.

They are called on to pay particular attention to areas relating to support during and after the negotiation.

They shall provide back-up without trying in any way to impose specific views on the parties.

They shall carry out periodic evaluations.

VII. TIMETABLE FOR THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS

To ensure a calm and effective climate for the negotiations, they shall proceed by distinct and sequential stages, with activities to be carried out in a planned time period.

Each stage shall be evaluated.

The peace negotiations taking place in Algiers consist of three stages:

1 – First stage (July 16-24, 2014):

This stage shall deal with the preliminaries for the negotiations and establish the basis for the peace process.

To this end it shall:

Adopt an agreed road map for the negotiations together with a timetable;

Strengthen confidence-building measures, in particular by consolidating the ceasefire;

Pursue efforts to reconcile the positions of the Movements.

2 – Negotiating basic issues:

This stage shall kick-off negotiations on the main questions.

Essentially it shall work within a framework of themed negotiating groups.

Plenary sessions are also planned.

It shall begin on August 7 and last until September 11, 2104.

It shall re-commence at the beginning of October, and should lead to a regulation plan as a basis for developing a Peace Agreement.

The parties shall work to raise awareness and promote the main components of the Agreement, by organising meetings and forums with the population, political and civil organisations, community leaders and other national actors, in order to make the negotiations more inclusive.

3 – Finalising the agreement

This shall essentially consist of formulating the regulation plan and by means of the appropriate legal formulae, developing a definitive and global Peace Agreement. (

Approximately four weeks.)

The peace negotiations process shall conclude with a formal ceremony for signature of the Peace Agreement, which shall take place in Mali.

VIII ORGANISATION OF THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS

The negotiations shall be organised and conducted using the following mechanisms:

Plenary sessions

Themed Negotiating Groups.

There may also be:

Specific negotiations between the Government and the belligerent movements

Bilateral meetings

Use of expert resources as needed.

THE PLENARY:

This shall be the formal negotiating framework, consisting only of the parties and the Facilitation Team, as defined in paragraph VI.

This framework shall discuss the conclusions of the Thematic Negotiating Groups and take decisions which are fundamental to the Agreement.

Apart from the work of the Groups, the Plenary shall address questions relating to implementing confidence-building measures, guarantees and international support for implementation of the Agreement.

In case of deadlock in a Plenary, the Mediation Team shall convene the delegation leaders of the parties in order to facilitate a convergence of views.

THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUPS:

The negotiations shall primarily take place within the thematic groups.

Discussions will be organised by theme.

There shall be a negotiating group for each theme, and, where necessary workshops.

A work plan shall be developed by each negotiating group, according to the theme being discussed.

The operational methods of the groups relate principally to the second and third stages of the negotiations.

In light of the above, the following Thematic Groups shall be established:

Politico-institutional;

Defence and security;

Economic, social and cultural development;

Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Each Group shall hold discussions until conclusions are reached, including the implementation provisions which shall be submitted for final discussion and approval in plenary.

IX- PEACE NEGOTIATIONS THEMES

The discussions shall be structured around the following themes:

The prevailing situation in the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”;

The principles and basic reference points for a global and definitive solution;

Identifying the key elements of a global and definitive solution in the following areas:

Politico-institutional;

Defence and security;

Economic, social and cultural development;

Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions.

Confidence-building measures and the Agreement implementation timetable;

Implementation, monitoring and support measures, and regional and international commitments to be agreed.

X- SUBJECTS OF INTEREST

The following subjects have been identified as key to the search for solutions and shall be discussed in depth:

Administrative organisation in the regions of Northern Mali, known by one of the parties as “Azawad”;

The return of State Authority in these regions;

Reform of the judicial system;

Deployment of the Army and related reorganisation of the defence and security forces;

Managing security in the towns;

Cantonment/disarmament and the destination of combatants;

The fight against terrorism;

Development and wealth redistribution;

Specific aspects of local cultures;

Creating conditions for the voluntary and safe return of refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes;

Release of detained persons;

Questions relating to the objective of national reconciliation (amnesty measures, inquiry into serious violations of Human Rights, transitional justice, reviving the electoral process at the local level…)

Guarantees and international support.

ALGIERS PROCESS FRAMEWORK

NEGOTIATING TIMETABLE

PLENARY SESSION I

Adoption of the road map

Evaluation of the situation in Northern Mali

Principles and basic references

Identifying elements of the global and definitive solution

Setting up thematic negotiating groups

THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP I:

Political and institutional questions

THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP II:

Defence and security

THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP III:

Economic, social and cultural development

THEMATIC NEGOTIATING GROUP IV:

Reconciliation, justice and humanitarian questions

PLENARY SESSION II:

Presentation of Thematic Negotiating Group work

PLENARY SESSION III:

Timetable for implementation of measures and restoration of confidence

PLENARY SESSION IV;

Implementation, monitoring and support measures, and regional and international commitments to be agreed.

CLOSING PLENARY SESSION:

Presentation and adoption of the draft Agreement and conclusions

Algiers, July 24, 2014

DECLARATION OF CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES

Concerned by the deterioration of the security situation on the ground, in particular the confrontations in Tabankort and in the Tabankort-Anefi-Almoustarat-Tarkint sector;

Reaffirming their commitment to peace and stability and their attachment to the provisions of the preliminary agreement of Ouagadougou of June 18, 2013, on confidence measures, and to the ceasefire of May 23, 2014 and its implementation measures of June 13, 2014, as well as resolution 2164 (2014) of the United Nations Security Council;

Recognising their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular concerning the protection of civilians in times of armed conflict and the humane treatment of persons not involved in the hostilities, and in addition committed to facilitating the humanitarian operations of the United Nations and other humanitarian partners;

Determined to create the climate of confidence needed for good conduct of the current peace process;

Under the auspices of the Mediation Team led by Algeria, made up of mediators from CEDEAO, UN/MINUSMA, UA, OCI, EU, as well as Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Niger and Chad;

The parties meeting at Algiers within the Inter Malian Inclusive Dialogue framework;

Have agreed the following:

1. An immediate cessation of hostilities;

2. Deployment on the ground as soon as possible, of a Joint Committee tasked with making contact with the actors to facilitate consolidation of the cessation of hostilities, and for which the operational methods shall be entrusted to MINUSMA;

3. The release of prisoners and all other persons detained anywhere as a result of the conflict;

4. Commitment of the parties to consult as needed to find a definitive solution to the underlying causes of the confrontations;

5. The immediate withdrawal of all armed elements to positions to be indicated by the Joint Committee foreseen in paragraph 2;

6. The cessation of all acts of harassment and violence towards the civilian population;

and respect for the free movement of people and goods;

7. The cessation of all provocative acts or propositions which may damage growing confidence between the parties;

8. Ongoing awareness-raising of armed elements on the ground and of communities on their mutual engagements in the framework of the ongoing peace process;

9. The deployment of a MixedObservation and Verification Team (Equipe Mixte d’Observation et Vérification, EMOV) in the zone of hostilities, enlarged as necessary with persons and resources proposed by one of the parties of the Facilitation Team, and appointed by the Chair of the Joint Technical Security Committee (Commission Technique Mixte de Sécurité, CTMS);

To support the effective implementation of the above commitments, MINUSMA shall take the following measures:

1. The military presence in the Tabankort-Anefi-Almoustarat-Tarkint sector shall be reinforced, with ground and aerial patrols, in order to protect the civilian populations;

2. There shall be immediate operationalisation of the EMOV for the Tabankort-Anefi-Almoustarat-Tarkint sector, based on the Document on the organisation and remit of EMOVs adopted by CMTS during its working session of July 16, 2014.