JNA - Croatia Cease-fire Agreement of September 22

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Country/entity: Croatia
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: JNA - Croatia Cease-fire Agreement of September 22
Date: 22 Sep 1991
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Croatia negotiation process
Parties: Federal Secretary for National Defence General of the Army Veljko Kadijevic; Croatian President Franjo Tudman
Third parties: -
Description: This short agreement provides for an absolute, bilateral ceasefire by the Yugoslav People's Army and the Croatian armed forces. It also provides for supply of amenities to JNA controlled barracks, and to commence negotiations of obligations from the Igalo cease-fire agreement of 17 September 1991.

Agreement document: HR_910922_JNA-Croatia Cease-fire Agreement of September 22.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order, 2.
The local authorities are to establish normal supply of water, food, electricity and medical requirements to all barracks under the control of Yugoslavia in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, Federal Defence Ministry Announcement
Pursuant to the statement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991, an arrangement was made with the leadership of the Republic of Croatia at 11:50 hours today to adopt and proclaim mutual orders for an absolute cessation of fire, and of all attacks and movements, at 15:00 hours on 22 September 1991. In this connection, I order all commands, units and institutions of the JNA in the territory of the Republic of Croatia: At 15:00 hours on the day of 22 September 1991 bring to a halt all attacks and movements and ensure an absolute cease-fire.

Page 1, Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order, 1.
The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia - the forces of the National Guard Corps and of the MUP (interior ministry) - are to suspend all attacks and movements and to establish an absolute cease-fire at 15:00 hours today, 22 September 1991.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order, 1.
The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia - the forces of the National Guard Corps and of the MUP (interior ministry) - are to suspend all attacks and movements and to establish an absolute cease-fire at 15:00 hours today, 22 September 1991.

Page 1, Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order
...After the implementation of this agreement on a genuine cease-fire, negotiations will be commenced on the discharge of all the obligations stemming from the agreement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991 and on the disengagement of the armed forces of the SFRY and the Republic of Croatia.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, Federal Defence Ministry Announcement
Pursuant to the statement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991, an arrangement was made with the leadership of the Republic of Croatia at 11:50 hours today to adopt and proclaim mutual orders for an absolute cessation of fire, and of all attacks and movements, at 15:00 hours on 22 September 1991. In this connection, I order all commands, units and institutions of the JNA in the territory of the Republic of Croatia: At 15:00 hours on the day of 22 September 1991 bring to a halt all attacks and movements and ensure an absolute cease-fire.

Page 1, Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order
...After the implementation of this agreement on a genuine cease-fire, negotiations will be commenced on the discharge of all the obligations stemming from the agreement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991 and on the disengagement of the armed forces of the SFRY and the Republic of Croatia.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Milosevic trial exhibit D275.41
http://icr.icty.org/

JNA - CROATIA CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT OF SEPTEMBER 22

Federal Defence Ministry Announcement

Pursuant to the statement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991, an arrangement was made with the leadership of the Republic of Croatia at 11:50 hours today to adopt and proclaim mutual orders for an absolute cessation of fire, and of all attacks and movements, at 15:00 hours on 22 September 1991.

In this connection, I order all commands, units and institutions of the JNA in the territory of the Republic of Croatia:

At 15:00 hours on the day of 22 September 1991 bring to a halt all attacks and movements and ensure an absolute cease-fire.

Federal Secretary for National Defence General of the Army Veljko Kadijevic.

Croatian President Franjo Tudman's Order

1. The armed forces of the Republic of Croatia - the forces of the National Guard Corps and of the MUP (interior ministry) - are to suspend all attacks and movements and to establish an absolute cease-fire at 15:00 hours today, 22 September 1991.

2. The local authorities are to establish normal supply of water, food, electricity and medical requirements to all barracks under the control of Yugoslavia in the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

After the implementation of this agreement on a genuine cease-fire, negotiations will be commenced on the discharge of all the obligations stemming from the agreement signed at Igalo on 17 September 1991 and on the disengagement of the armed forces of the SFRY and the Republic of Croatia.