Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), Government 11-Point Peace Agreement

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Country/entity: Myanmar
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Shan State Army-South (SSA-S), Government 11-Point Peace Agreement
Date: 16 Jan 2012
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Myanmar Conflict (1948 - )
Internal conflict, mostly along ethno-political fault lines, has been a constant feature of Myanmar since its independence in 1948. The conflict has two distinct dynamics. First a struggle between an authoritarian government and a pro-democracy opposition which has the characteristics of authoritarian conflicts; and second a stuggle between the government and ethnic armed groups which has the characteristics of an identity conflict. The two oldest and strongest militias fighting the government are the Karen National Union (KNU), which has remained active since the late 1940s, and the Kachin Independence Organisation, which was formed in the early 1960s. In total, here are more than a dozen mostly ethnic-based guerrilla groups active throughout the country. Especially in the period of junta dictatorship that lasted until 2011 the government attempted to crush the rebellions, which led to numerous human rights violations. With the start of democratic reforms in the aftermath of the 2010 elections, peace negotiations have taken place and resulted in the signing of various agreements, although conflicts remain active.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Myanmar ceasefires process with ethnic armed groups
Parties: RCSS/SSA delegates and Union-level peacemaking groups.
Third parties: -
Description: Short agreement outlining areas of cooperation and communication between the RCSS/SSA and the government as well as provisions for a ceasefire.

Agreement document: MM_120116_SSA-S-Government.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 1, 2. The government troops to negotiate and arrange in order that RCSS/SSA troops and their families be resettled in the locations mentioned in No. 1
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 1, 2. The government troops to negotiate and arrange in order that RCSS/SSA troops and their families be resettled in the locations mentioned in No. 1

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Local/municipal government
Page 1, 3. RCSS/SSA will appoint village heads in the region; for township level administration the village heads will cooperate with government officials
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, 9. To cooperate with the union government for regional development
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 1, 8. Government ministers to arrange for SSA-S members to run businesses and companies in accord with existing policies, by providing helps and supporting required technology
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, 2. The government troops to negotiate and arrange in order that RCSS/SSA troops and their families be resettled in the locations mentioned in No. 1

Page 1, 4. Government soldiers in Homain sub-township and Mong Hta sub-township to give help to RCSS/SSA; Both sides will discuss and negotiate to arrange for the security of RCSS/SSA leaders

Page 1, 5. Government troops and RCSS/SSA to negotiate to designate areas where they can enter in border areas

Page 1, 6. Each side agreed to inform the other side in advance if one side wants to enter the other’s control area with weapons
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
[Summary] Although the agreement does not explicitly provide for a ceasefire, it was considered by all parties to be a ceasefire agreement, with cessation of hostilities related to broader issues of the process in the agreed points.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, 5. Government troops and RCSS/SSA to negotiate to designate areas where they can enter in border areas

Page 1, 6. Each side agreed to inform the other side in advance if one side wants to enter the other’s control area with weapons
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: Page 1, 10. To cooperate with the government in making plan for battling drug trafficking
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Available under SSA-S section at: https://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/1499

SSA-S Government 11-point peace agreement

16 January 2012

RCSS/SSA and Union-Level Peace-making group signed an eleven-point peace agreement in Taunggyi, the capital of Shan State, on 16 Jan 2012.

Unofficial Translation

........................................................................................................................................

1. To allow RCSS/SSA headquarters in Homain sub-township and Mong Hta subtownship.

2. The government troops to negotiate and arrange in order that RCSS/SSA troops and their families be resettled in the locations mentioned in No.

3. RCSS/SSA will appoint village heads in the region;

for township level administration the village heads will cooperate with government officials

4. Government soldiers in Homain sub-township and Mong Hta sub-township to give help to RCSS/SSA;

Both sides will discuss and negotiate to arrange for the security of RCSS/SSA leaders

5. Government troops and RCSS/SSA to negotiate to designate areas where they can enter in border areas

6. Each side agreed to inform the other side in advance if one side wants to enter the other’s control area with weapons

7. To open liaison offices between the government and SSA-S in Taunggyi, Kholam, Kengtung, Mong Hsat and Tachileik and trading offices in Muse and Nanhkan

8. Government ministers to arrange for SSA-S members to run businesses and companies in accord with existing policies, by providing helps and supporting required technology

9. To cooperate with the union government for regional development

10. To cooperate with the government in making plan for battling drug trafficking

11. The government and RCSS/SSA agreed in principle to the points discussed on January

16, 2012.

Points will also be discussed in the coming second union-level meeting