Protocol D'Entente

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Country/entity
Mali
Azawad
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Protocol D'Entente
Date
27 Aug 2014
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Tuareg Wars (1962 - ) )
Stage
Pre-negotiation/process
Conflict nature
Inter-group
Peace process
Mali-Azawad Inter-Azawad peace process
Parties
Le Mouvement National de Libération de l’Azawad (MNLA),
Bilal Ag Acherif
Secrétaire General

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la déclaration d’Alger du 9 juin 2014 (MAA)
Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidatti
Secretaire General

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la Plateforme d’Alger du 14 juin 2014 (MAA),
Ahmed Ould Sidi Mohamed
Secrétaire General

Le Haut Conseil pour l’Unité de l’Azawad (HCUA),
Alghabas Ag Intalla
Secretaire General

La coalition du Peuple pour l’Azawad (CPA),
Ibrahim Ag Mohamed Assaleh
Président

La Coordination des Mouvements et Forces Patriotiques de Resistances II (CM FPR 2)
Mr Ibrahima Kontao
Président
Third parties
-
Description
This is an agreement between the opposition groups of the Azawad/North Mali region to harmonise their efforts in negotiating with the Government of Mali.

Agreement document
ML_140827_ProtocoledEntente_EN.pdf | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language)
ML_1400827_Memorandum_of_Understanding.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
No specific mention.
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 2, Article 1:
1. To commit, in accordance with the framework presented through the Ouagadougou Agreement, the Algiers Declaration of 09 June 2014, the platform of 14 June 2014 and the Road Map signed in Algiers on 24 July 2014, to pursue together the fight for the defence of the legitimate rights of the people of Azawad/North Mali by progressing the search for an institutional solution specific to Azawad/North Mali which:
- Reflects in fact and in law the geographical, economic, social and cultural diversity of Azawad/Northern Mali;
- Responds to the legitimate aspirations of Azawad/North Mali populations with regard to politico-institutional, military-security, economic and socio-cultural plans;
- Takes the current situation into account.

Page 2-3, Article 9:
To reaffirm their commitment to the unity of the populations and the reestablishment of a comprehensive and lasting peace in Azawad /North Mali in particular, and in Mali in general, and thus commit themselves to persevere in this direction. After reviewing the current political and security context of Azawad/North Mali in particular and Mali in general, they have also agreed to the following:
- The harmonization of their strategies for negotiation with the Government of Mali,
- The standardization of their political platforms and the defence of their shared demands.
- The unification of their efforts for the defence of the legitimate rights and aspirations of the people of Azawad/ North Mali and the security of the people of Azawad/ North Mali.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
No specific mention.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
Public administration
No specific mention.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing
Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Autonomous regions
Page 2, Article 1:
1. To commit, in accordance with the framework presented through the Ouagadougou Agreement, the Algiers Declaration of 09 June 2014, the platform of 14 June 2014 and the Road Map signed in Algiers on 24 July 2014, to pursue together the fight for the defence of the legitimate rights of the people of Azawad/North Mali by progressing the search for an institutional solution specific to Azawad/North Mali which:
- Reflects in fact and in law the geographical, economic, social and cultural diversity of Azawad/Northern Mali;
- Responds to the legitimate aspirations of Azawad/North Mali populations with regard to politico-institutional, military-security, economic and socio-cultural plans;
- Takes the current situation into account.

Page 2, Article 3:
The need to achieve broad autonomy for Azawad/ Northern Mali;
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
Page 1, Preamble:
[…]
- Having conducted an in-depth discussion on the political, security, humanitarian, economic, social and cultural situation in Azawad/North Mali;
[…]
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 2, Article 5:
To intensify their information and awareness activities, both inside and outside of Azawad/North Mali, in order to share their common vision and direction of their struggle with respect to the individual principles of each of the Parties.

Page 2, Article 8:
To respect and undertake information and awareness activities on the present Memorandum;
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
No specific mention.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Promotion
Page 2, Article 1:
1. To commit, in accordance with the framework presented through the Ouagadougou Agreement, the Algiers Declaration of 09 June 2014, the platform of 14 June 2014 and the Road Map signed in Algiers on 24 July 2014, to pursue together the fight for the defence of the legitimate rights of the people of Azawad/North Mali by progressing the search for an institutional solution specific to Azawad/North Mali which:
- Reflects in fact and in law the geographical, economic, social and cultural diversity of Azawad/Northern Mali;
- Responds to the legitimate aspirations of Azawad/North Mali populations with regard to politico-institutional, military-security, economic and socio-cultural plans;
...
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
Page 1, Preamble:
[…]
- Having conducted an in-depth discussion on the political, security, humanitarian, economic, social and cultural situation in Azawad/North Mali;
[…]
- Reaffirming their strong commitment to contribute to the establishment of lasting peace and security in Azawad;
[…]
Ceasefire
No specific mention.
Police
No specific mention.
Armed forces
No specific mention.
DDR
No specific mention.
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
[Summary: The agreement is between the opposition groups of the Azawad/North Mali region]

Page 2, Article 6:
To engage our respective forces in the fight against any form of attack against Azawad/North Mali;

Page 2-3, Article 9:
To reaffirm their commitment to the unity of the populations and the reestablishment of a comprehensive and lasting peace in Azawad /North Mali in particular, and in Mali in general, and thus commit themselves to persevere in this direction. After reviewing the current political and security context of Azawad/North Mali in particular and Mali in general, they have also agreed to the following:
- The harmonization of their strategies for negotiation with the Government of Mali,
- The standardization of their political platforms and the defence of their shared demands.
- The unification of their efforts for the defence of the legitimate rights and aspirations of the people of Azawad/ North Mali and the security of the people of Azawad/ North Mali.
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
No specific mention.
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
No specific mention.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
No specific mention.
Reconciliation
Page 1, Preamble:
[…]
- Expressing their desire to unify their forces, to promote communal harmony within the society in Azawad/North Mali, in all its components without discrimination;
[…]

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue:

http://www.hdcentre.org/

Memorandum of Understanding

Between

Le Mouvement National de Libération de l’Azawad (MNLA),

Le Haut Conseil pour l’Unité de l’Azawad (HCUA),

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la Plateforme d’Alger du 14 juin 2014 (MAA),

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la déclaration d’Alger du 9 juin 2014 (MAA)

La Coordination des Mouvements et Forces Patriotiques de Resistances II (CM FPR 2)

La coalition du Peuple pour l’Azawad (CPA),

Preamble:

Considering the resolutions and declarations of the United Nations on the Malian crisis;

Considering the previous Algiers agreements:

The national pact,

The Tamanrasset accord,

And the preliminary Ouagadougou Accord of 18 June 2013;

Considering the Algiers Declaration of 9 June 2014 signed by the MNLA, HCUA and the MAA and the Algiers Platform of 14 June 2014 signed by the CPA, the MAA and the CM RPF;

Considering the consensus of opinion evident between the Coordination of 9 June 2014 and the CMFPR2;

Having conducted an in-depth discussion on the political, security, humanitarian, economic, social and cultural situation in Azawad/North Mali;

Expressing their desire to unify their forces, to promote communal harmony within the society in Azawad/North Mali, in all its components without discrimination;

Deeply concerned by the distressful situation in which Azawad/North Mali populations find themselves as, in the absence of a definitive solution to the conflict, they continue to endure its effects,

Expressing their firm commitment to successfully achieve the aspirations of the populations of Azawad/North Mali through the Union and in accordance with the commitments made under the consultation process that led to this Memorandum of Understanding;

Reaffirming their strong commitment to contribute to the establishment of lasting peace and security in Azawad;

Concerned about the well-being of the communities wounded by several decades of bad governance and neglect, perpetrated by the different governments of the Republic of Mali since its independence;

Also,

Le Haut Conseil pour l’Unité de l’Azawad (HCUA), représenté par son secrétaire général, Monsieur Alghabas Ag Intalla,

Le Mouvement National de Libération de l’Azawad (MNLA), represented by their Secretary General Monsieur Bilal Ag Acherif,

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la Plateforme d’Alger du 14 juin 2014 (MAA), represented by their Secretary General Monsieur Ahmed Ould Sidi Mohamed

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la Déclaration d’Alger du 9 juin 2014 (MAA), represented by their Secretary General, Monsieur Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidatti,

La Coordination des Mouvements et Forces Patriotiques de Resistances II (CM FPR 2), represented by their president Monsieur Ibrahima Kontao

La Coalition du Peuple pour l’Azawad (CPA), represented by their president, Monsieur Ibrahim Ag Mohamed Assaleh, designated by the term ‘Parties’

Agree in good faith, to:

1. To commit, in accordance with the framework presented through the Ouagadougou Agreement, the Algiers Declaration of 09 June 2014, the platform of 14 June 2014 and the Road Map signed in Algiers on 24 July 2014, to pursue together the fight for the defence of the legitimate rights of the people of Azawad/North Mali by progressing the search for an institutional solution specific to Azawad/North Mali which:

Reflects in fact and in law the geographical, economic, social and cultural diversity of Azawad/Northern Mali;

Responds to the legitimate aspirations of Azawad/North Mali populations with regard to politico-institutional, military-security, economic and socio-cultural plans;

Takes the current situation into account.

2. To work for the territorial entity called AZAWAD/North Mali by us, the subject of our combat;

3. The need to achieve broad autonomy for Azawad/ Northern Mali;

4. To harmonize their respective platforms in order to take this into account during future negotiations;

5. To intensify their information and awareness activities, both inside and outside of Azawad/North Mali, in order to share their common vision and direction of their struggle with respect to the individual principles of each of the Parties.

6. To engage our respective forces in the fight against any form of attack against Azawad/North Mali;

7. To agree on an operational plan of action for the implementation of the terms of the present Memorandum;

8. To respect and undertake information and awareness activities on the present Memorandum;

9. To reaffirm their commitment to the unity of the populations and the reestablishment of a comprehensive and lasting peace in Azawad /North Mali in particular, and in Mali in general, and thus commit themselves to persevere in this direction.

After reviewing the current political and security context of Azawad/North Mali in particular and Mali in general, they have also agreed to the following:

The harmonization of their strategies for negotiation with the Government of Mali,

The standardization of their political platforms and the defence of their shared demands.

The unification of their efforts for the defence of the legitimate rights and aspirations of the people of Azawad/ North Mali and the security of the people of Azawad/ North Mali.

In addition the Parties:

Rejoice in this important step towards unity taken by the sons of Azawad/North Mali.

Welcomed the fruitful efforts deployed by the international community, the United Nations/MINUSMA, the EU, the AU, ECOWAS, the OIC and the neighbouring States in particular, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Algeria, the Niger, Chad as well as the USA, Switzerland and France in order to find a just and happy resolution to the conflict which has taken place between the people of Azawad/North Mali to successive governments of Mali for half a century.

The present Memorandum of Understanding takes effect from the date of its signature.

Done at Ouagadougou on 27 August 2014 and signed by the parties,

Le Mouvement National de Libération De l’Azawad (MNLA)

Bilal Ag Acherif, Secrétaire General

Le Haut Conseil pour l’Unité de l’Azawad (HCUA)

Alghabas Ag Intalla, Secretaire General

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad (MAA) de la Declaration d’Alger du 9 juin 2014

Mohamed Lamine Ould Sidatti, Secretaire General

La Coalition du Peuple pour l’Azawad (CPA)

Ibrahim Ag Mohamed Assaleh, Président

Le Mouvement Arabe de l’Azawad de la Plateforme d’Alger du 14 juin 2014 (MAA),

Ahmed Ould Sidi Mohamed, Secrétaire General

La Coordination des Mouvements et Forces Patriotiques de Resistances (CM FPR)

Mr Ibrahima Kontao, Président