Kalo Htoo Baw (DKBA-5), Government Union-level Peace Agreements

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Country/entity: Myanmar
Region: Asia and Pacific
Agreement name: Kalo Htoo Baw (DKBA-5), Government Union-level Peace Agreements
Date: 11 Dec 2011
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Myanmar Conflict (1948 - )
Internal conflict, mostly along ethno-political fault lines, has been a constant feature of Myanmar since its independence in 1948. The conflict has two distinct dynamics. First a struggle between an authoritarian government and a pro-democracy opposition which has the characteristics of authoritarian conflicts; and second a stuggle between the government and ethnic armed groups which has the characteristics of an identity conflict. The two oldest and strongest militias fighting the government are the Karen National Union (KNU), which has remained active since the late 1940s, and the Kachin Independence Organisation, which was formed in the early 1960s. In total, here are more than a dozen mostly ethnic-based guerrilla groups active throughout the country. Especially in the period of junta dictatorship that lasted until 2011 the government attempted to crush the rebellions, which led to numerous human rights violations. With the start of democratic reforms in the aftermath of the 2010 elections, peace negotiations have taken place and resulted in the signing of various agreements, although conflicts remain active.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Myanmar ceasefires process with ethnic armed groups
Parties: Kayin State Peace Making Group and Kalo Htoo Baw (former DKBA-brigade 5)
Third parties: -
Description: Short agreement reaffirming the nature of the Myanmar state and outlining broad development goals in order to facilitate reconciliation.

Agreement document: MM_111211_Kalo Htoo Baw, Govt. Union-level agreement.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 1, 4. It is agreed to cooperate with the government in regional development, settlement of members of Kalo Htoo Baw group and their families and improvement of socioeconomic status in Sukali region under existing laws, basing temporarily in Sone Hsi Myaing region.

State definition

Nature of state (general): Page 1, 2. Karen State is an important part of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. It is agreed not to secede Kayin State from the Union.
3. It is agreed to uphold Non-disintegration of the Union, Non-disintegration of National Solidarity and Perpetuation of Sovereignty forever.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: No specific mention.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 1, 4. It is agreed to cooperate with the government in regional development, settlement of members of Kalo Htoo Baw group and their families and improvement of socioeconomic status in Sukali region under existing laws, basing temporarily in Sone Hsi Myaing region.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
[Summary] Although the agreement does not explicitly provide for a ceasefire, it was considered by all parties to be a ceasefire agreement, with cessation of hostilities related to broader issues of the process in the agreed points.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: Page 1, 5. It is agreed to cooperate with the Union government in the fight against narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: Myanmar Peace Monitor, https://web.archive.org/web/20200107164413/https://www.mmpeacemonitor.org/1499

Kalo Htoo Baw (DKBA-5) Government Union Level peace agreement

11 December 2011

The seven-member Union level peace-making group led by Taungtha Township Pyithu Hluttaw Representative U Aung Thaung and its six-member delegation of Kalo Htoo Baw group led by U Saw Lah Pwe met in first Union level negotiation in Hpa-an of Karen State on 11 December 2011.

The meeting was concluded by inking six-point agreement.

Unofficial Translation

........................................................................................................................................

1. It is agreed to approve initial peace agreement signed by Kayin State Peace Making Group and Kalo Htoo Baw (former DKBA-brigade 5) on 3 November, 2011.

2. Karen State is an important part of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

It is agreed not to secede Kayin State from the Union.

3. It is agreed to uphold Non-disintegration of the Union, Non-disintegration of National Solidarity and Perpetuation of Sovereignty forever.

4. It is agreed to cooperate with the government in regional development, settlement of members of Kalo Htoo Baw group and their families and improvement of socioeconomic status in Sukali region under existing laws, basing temporarily in Sone Hsi Myaing region.

5. It is agreed to cooperate with the Union government in the fight against narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

6. It is agreed to continue dialogue for establishing eternal peace.