Record of agreements processes leading to peace between the HVO and BiH in Gornji Vakuf

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Country/entity: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Yugoslavia (former)
Region: Europe and Eurasia
Agreement name: Record of agreements processes leading to peace between the HVO and BiH in Gornji Vakuf
Date: 20 Jan 1993
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/intrastate conflict
Balkan Conflicts (1991 - 1995) (1998 - 2001)
Former Yugoslavia

The disintegration of former Yugoslavia post cold war saw conflicts which became mediated and produced peace agreements in Slovenia (where the brief independence conflict was mediated by the EC Troika in 1991), Croatia (between Croatian and Serb populations 1991-1995), in Bosnia (between Croatian, Serb and Bosniak populations 1992-1995), in Macedonia (where mediation played a key pre-emptive role in preventing large scale conflict in 2001), in Kosovo (between Kosovar Albanians and Serbian population and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), but also between FRY and NATO, 1998-1999), and a conflict in the Presevo Valley (between Albanians in South Serbia and FRY, 2000-2001). The continued fall-out of the disintegration of former Yugoslavia also saw mediated agreement and ultimate dissolution of the Union between Serbia and Montenegro.

Bosnia-Herzegovina

In 1991, after nationalist parties won the first multi-party elections in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a violent process of disintegration commenced. With its mixed population, Bosnia-Herzegovina became the centre of the following civil war that began in 1992 between the newly formed army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (mostly Muslim Bosniacs), and the parastatal forces of self-declared Bosnian Croat (Herzeg-Bosnia) and Bosnian Serb (Republika Srpska) entities within Bosnia-Herzegovina, supported by Croatia and Serbia, with various, often short-lived, coalitions. The General Framework Agreement (Dayton Peace Agreement), signed in 1995, split the country into two ethno-federal entities, the Bosniak-Croat Federation and the Republika Srpska, and included continued peacekeeping and institutional administration by international actors.

Kosovo

The conflict between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians has a long history and always involved territorial disputes as well as ethno-political, cultural and linguistic factors. The most recent phase of the conflict began in November 1997 when the Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA or UCK) began their campaign for the independence of Kosovo from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY – then Serbia and Montenegro). The subsequent war lasted until the NATO intervention, which undertook bombing campaigns of Belgrade and other places in Serbia during spring 1999. The main agreements solving the conflict were internationally driven and, finally, a UNSC resolution imposed a post-conflict arrangement in the wake of what was essentially a NATO military victory. In February 2008, Kosovo’s parliament declared independence, but independence is still internationally disputed.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government/territory
Peace process: Bosnia peace process
Parties: COL SILJEG, HVO OZ COMMANDER; SELMO CIKOTIC, 3 CORPS BIH ARMY
Third parties: Signed under the auspices of LIEUTENANT-COLONEL R. STEWART, UNPROFOR COMMANDER GORNJI VAKUF; JJ. BEAUSSOU, EUROPEAAN COMMUNITY MONITOR MISSION
Description: This short agreement provides for an immediate ceasefire and separation of forces in the Gornji Vakuf area, including forming a joint commission to supervise agreements. It also provides for free passage for the BiH army, HVO, humanitarian aid convoys, the UN and the ECMM.

Agreement document: BA_930120_Record of Agreements Processes Leading to Peace Between HVO and BiH in Gornji Vakuf.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 1, c.
THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGREEMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ECMM AND UN. THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN. THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, g.
THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM. VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS. THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.

Page 1, h.
TO GUARANTEE THE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND SAFETY OF UNPROFOR AND EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MONITOR MISSION IN THE EXECUTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE MISSIONS.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 1, g.
THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM. VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS. THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, a.
TO ESTABLISH AN IMMEDIATE CEASE FIRE FROM 1700 HOURS 21 JANUARY 1993. THE CEASE FIRE IS TO BE MONITORED BY THE UNITED NATIONS PROTECTION FORCE, WHICH WILL PATROL THE AREA.

Page 1, b.
FOR HVO AND BIH UNITS TO WITHDRAW 100 METRES IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BASES BY 1000 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISENGAGING COMBATANTS.
Police: No specific mention.
Armed forces: Page 1, b.
FOR HVO AND BiH UNITS TO WITHDRAW 100 METRES IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BASES BY 1000 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISENGAGING COMBATANTS.

Page 1, c.
THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGREEMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ECMM AND UN. THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN. THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.

Page 1, d.
TO PROVIDE THE LOCATION OF MILITARY FORCES WITHIN THE AREA GORNJI VAKUF DURING THE COMMISSION MEETING TO BE HELD ON 23 JANUARY 1993, SO THAT THE POSITIONS OF TROOPS ARTILLERY TANKS AND MORTARS COULD BE MONITORED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNPROFOR.

Page 1, e.
TO COOPPERATE AND SHARE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF ARTILLERY, TANKS, MORTARS, AND FORCES IN GORNJI VAKUF.

Page 1, f.
THAT ALL FORCES UNDER BiH AND HVO THAT ARE NOT NORMALLY STATIONED IN GORNJI VAKUF WILL BE WITHDRAWN FROM GORNJI VAKUF BY 1 FEBRUARY 1993.

Page 1, g.
THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM. VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS. THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, b.
FOR HVO AND BIH UNITS TO WITHDRAW 100 METRES IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BASES BY 1000 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISENGAGING COMBATANTS.

Page 1, c.
THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGREEMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ECMM AND UN. THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN. THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.

Page 1, d.
TO PROVIDE THE LOCATION OF MILITARY FORCES WITHIN THE AREA GORNJI VAKUF DURING THE COMMISSION MEETING TO BE HELD ON 23 JANUARY 1993, SO THAT THE POSITIONS OF TROOPS ARTILLERY TANKS AND MORTARS COULD BE MONITORED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNPROFOR.

Page 1, e.
TO COOPPERATE AND SHARE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF ARTILLERY, TANKS, MORTARS, AND FORCES IN GORNJI VAKUF.

Page 1, f.
THAT ALL FORCES UNDER BiH AND HVO THAT ARE NOT NORMALLY STATIONED IN GORNJI VAKUF WILL BE WITHDRAWN FROM GORNJI VAKUF BY 1 FEBRUARY 1993.

Page 1, g.
THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM. VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS. THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: Signed by Lieutenant-Colonel R. Stewart, UNPROFOR commander Gornji Vakuf
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 1, c.
THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGREEMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ECMM AND UN. THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN. THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.

Page 1, d.
TO PROVIDE THE LOCATION OF MILITARY FORCES WITHIN THE AREA GORNJI VAKUF DURING THE COMMISSION MEETING TO BE HELD ON 23 JANUARY 1993, SO THAT THE POSITIONS OF TROOPS ARTILLERY TANKS AND MORTARS COULD BE MONITORED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNPROFOR.

Page 1, g.
THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM. VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS. THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.

Page 1, h.
TO GUARANTEE THE FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AND SAFETY OF UNPROFOR AND EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MONITOR MISSION IN THE EXECUTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE MISSIONS.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 1, c.
THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION. THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGREEMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ECMM AND UN. THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN. THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ICTY Court Records, Prlic et. al trial exhibit P01229
http://icr.icty.org/

RECORD OF AGREEMENTS PROCESSES LEADING TO PEACE BETWEEN HVO AND BiH IN GORNJI VAKUF

FOLLOWING THE JOINT ORDER SENT ON 20 JANUARY 1993 FROM BiH AND HVO HIGH COMMANDS TO THEIR RESPECTIVE SUBORDINATE COMMANDS IN GORNJI VAKUF, UNDER THE SUPERVISION Of THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MONITOR MISSION AND THE UNITED NATIONS PROTECTION FORCE, THE HVO MILITARY COMMAND AND THE BiH MILITARY COMMAND AGREE

a. TO ESTABLISH AN IMMEDIATE CEASE FIRE FROM 1700 HOURS 21 JANUARY 1993.

THE CEASE FIRE IS TO BE MONITORED BY THE UNITED NATIONS PROTECTION FORCE, WHICH WILL PATROL THE AREA.

b. FOR HVO AND BiH UNITS TO WITHDRAW 100 METRES IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE BASES BY 1000 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993, FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISENGAGING COMBATANTS.

c. THAT THE BiH AND HVO WILL FORM AND PARTICIPATE IN A JOINT COMMISSION.

THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION IS TO SUPERVISE MUTUAL AGRREMENTS LEADING TO THE RESUMPTION OF PEACEFUL AND NORMAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HVO AND BiH. THE COMMISSION WILL BE PROVIDED WITH ASSISTANCE FROH ECMM AND UN.

THE COMMISSION WILL CONVENE DAILY AT 1200 HOURS AT THE UN BARRACKS GORNJI VAKUF UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF THE UN.

THE COMPOSITION OF THIS COMMISSION WILL BE FINIALISED 22 JANUARY 1993 IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JOINT ORDER ISSUED IN MOSTAR 20 JANUARY 1993.

d. TO PROVIDE THE LOCATION OF MILITARY FORCES WITHIN THE AREA GORNJI VAKUF DURING THE COMMISSION MEETING TO BE HELD ON 23 JANUARY 1993, SO THAT THE POSITIONS OF TROOPS ARTILLERY TANKS AND MORTARS COULD BE MONITORED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF UNPROFOR.

e. TO COOPPERATE AND SHARE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF ARTILLERY, TANKS, MORTARS, AND FORCES IN GORNJI VAKUF.

f. THAT ALL FORCES UNDER BiH AND HVO THAT ARE NOT NORMALLY STATIONED IN GORNJI VAKUF WILL BE WITHDRAWN FROM GORNJI VAKUF BY 1 FEBRUARY 1993.

g. THAT FREE PASSAGE WILL BE PROVIDED THROUGH ROAD BLOCKS AND CHECK POINTS TO BiH, HVO, HUMANITARIAN AID VEHICLES, UN AND ECMM.

VEHICLE PASSAGE IS TO OCCUR WITH ONLY A MINIMUM OF DELAY FOR ROUTINE SECURITY PROCEDURES AT CHECK POINTS AND ROAD BLOCS.

THIS PROCEDURE IS TO BE IN EFFECT FROM BY 1200 HOURS 22 JANUARY 1993.

h. TO GUARANTEE THE FREEDOH OF MOVEMENT AND SAFETY OF UNPROFOR AND EUROPEAN COMMUNITY MONITOR MISSION IN THE EXECUTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE MISSIONS.