Waat Lou Nuer Covenant

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Country/entity
South Sudan
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Waat Lou Nuer Covenant
Date
6 Nov 1999
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/local conflict ( Sudan Conflicts (1955 - ) )
Stage
Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature
Inter-group
Peace process
South Sudan: Pre-secession Local Peace Processes
Parties
Delegates came from all districts in addition to Lou who came from Malakal, Khartoum and foreign countries.

Lou Nuer Peace and Governance Council Membership

Elected at Waat Lou Nuer Peace and Governance Conference

6 November 1999

Akobo District

Michael Yien Jiek
Executive Chief Thok Luak Yak
Mrs. Mary Chol Kwany

Nyirol District

Head Chief Peter Gatkek Tolciek
James Yoal Lul
Mrs. Elizabeth Nyagun Chuol

Dirror District

Head Chief Majok Rambang
Rebecka Nyanyak Wictuor
John Kutei Mut

Pulchuol District

Head Chief Dhuor Luak Loth
Buk Malual Muol
Thomas Lual Puot

Wuror District

Head Chief Gatluak Thou Kuony
Stephen Maluit Chuol
Elizabeth Nyayonga Chuol

Waat District

Head Chief Kai Gatkal Ngundeng
Mrs. Mary Nyayuok Jany
Nyang Kerjiok Char

At-Large Members

Gabriel Yoal Dok, Chairperson
John Luk Jok , Secretary
Gatliak Gatlou Riak
Nyang Chuol Dhuor
Majok Guandong
Kueth Luak Kok
John Jok Yoal Gai
Hoth Gor Luak
Chuol Rambang
Ket Gang Lual
Stephen Tut Puol
Cdr. Peter Bol Kong
Cdr. David Reath Malual
Cdr. Taban Juc
Cdr. Chot Riek Pathot
Dr. Wal Duany
Rev. David Kueat Wicluak
Rev. Peter Tut Pur
Third parties
New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC)
Description
Short agreement aiming at establishing peace between factions of the Lou Nuer by increasing local governance and customary law as well as the separation of powers.

Agreement document
SS_991106_Waat Lou Nuer Covenant.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 1-2, Governance
... o Require the regular military and the White Army to demobilize all children under age fifteen;
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
No specific mention.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
Page 1-2, Governance
... o Instruct all civil administrators to be accountable for their areas, to the people, and to work in a close and transparent manner with indigenous and international NGOs;
Traditional/religious leaders
Page 1, Governance
o Empowerment of chiefs to handle all local judicial cases and a rebuilding of the civil judicial system;
Public administration
Page 1-2, Governance
o Strongly urge our political and military leaders to construct civil and military governance systems that will unite all Nuer people and contribute to a reconciled and united south Sudan. This system must be outside the control of the Government of Sudan or persons working in Government of Sudan controlled areas of the country.

Page 1-2, Governance
... o A separation of civil and judicial administration from the military administration;

Page 1-2, Governance
... o Instruct all civil administrators to be accountable for their areas, to the people, and to work in a close and transparent manner with indigenous and international NGOs;

Page 2, Appeals from Lou Nuer
o To all Nuer: Appeal for unity, peace and shared responsibility for security within a unified political administration.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
Page 2, Appeals from Lou Nuer
... o To all Southerners: We appeal for an unending commitment to unite south Sudan so that security is assured, our political objectives are realized and our rights protected.
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
No specific mention.
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
Page 1-2, Governance
... o A separation of civil and judicial administration from the military administration;

Page 1-2, Governance
... o Empowerment of chiefs to handle all local judicial cases and a rebuilding of the civil judicial system;
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
Page 1, Governance
o Empowerment of chiefs to handle all local judicial cases and a rebuilding of the civil judicial system;

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 2, Governance
... o Commit ourselves to development of water resources that enable us to have permanent communities, the establishment of schools for our children, health care for our people, and food to sustain ourselves all year.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
No specific mention.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
Land, property and environment→Cultural heritage→Other
Page 1, untitled preamble, We have sealed this Covenant, with its included Resolutions, by the traditional sacrifice of a White Bull (Tu-Bor) and with Christian worship.
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
Page 2, Governance
... o Commit ourselves to development of water resources that enable us to have permanent communities, the establishment of schools for our children, health care for our people, and food to sustain ourselves all year.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
Page 2, Appeals from Lou Nuer
... o To all Southerners: We appeal for an unending commitment to unite south Sudan so that security is assured, our political objectives are realized and our rights protected.
Ceasefire
Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, We have agreed to the following:-
Peace
o An end to all conflicts among Lou Nuer

Page 2, Appeals from Lou Nuer
... o To all Neighbors: We declare a unilateral, permanent cease-fire and express our desire to build peace with our neighbors.
Police
Page 1-2, Governance
... o Establishment of a police system that will maintain order within our communities and be accountable to the civil administration;
Armed forces
Page 1-2, Governance
o Strongly urge our political and military leaders to construct civil and military governance systems that will unite all Nuer people and contribute to a reconciled and united south Sudan. This system must be outside the control of the Government of Sudan or persons working in Government of Sudan controlled areas of the country.

Page 1-2, Governance
... o A separation of civil and judicial administration from the military administration;

Page 1-2, Governance
... o Require the regular military and the White Army to demobilize all children under age fifteen;
DDR
No specific mention.
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
Page 1-2, Governance
... o Require the regular military and the White Army to demobilize all children under age fifteen;
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
Page 1-2, Governance
... o Instruct all civil administrators to be accountable for their areas, to the people, and to work in a close and transparent manner with indigenous and international NGOs;
Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
Page 1, We have agreed to the following:-
Peace
...
o Amnesty for offenses against persons and property prior to 1 November 1999
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
No specific mention.
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
No specific mention.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
No specific mention.
Reconciliation
Page 1, We have agreed to the following:-
Peace
... o Extending the hand of peace to Gaawar Nuer to our west and Jikany Nuer to our East. We stand ready to resolve any outstanding issues and build a permanent peace.
o Extending the hand of peace to all neighbouring people on the East Bank of the Nile. With the NSCC, we invite all Nilotic peoples on the East Bank of the Nile to send delegations in February 2000 for a People-to-People peace conference.

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
Sudan Info Net: http://sudaninfonet.tripod.com/Waat/waat_covenant.htm

Waat Lou Nuer Covenant

Waat, Sudan

6 November 1999

The Lou Nuer met in a People-to-People Peace and Governance Conference in Waat, Sudan under the auspices of the New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC) from 1-7 November 1999.

Delegates came from all districts in addition to Lou who came from Malakal, Khartoum and foreign countries.

Today, we declare an end to years of internal conflicts among our people, battles between different factions, and at least three different military forces and civil administrations.

Our internal strife has made us vulnerable to conflicts with our neighbors on every side, and the Government of Sudan has armed various groups within our midst to stir up confusion and destruction.

We have sealed this Covenant, with its included Resolutions, by the traditional sacrifice of a White Bull (Tu-Bor) and with Christian worship.

We have met to establish a lasting peace, to build a common system of governance and to appeal to others to join us in rebuilding our communities and spreading this peace and reconciliation to all of south Sudan.

We have agreed to the following:-

Peace

An end to all conflicts among Lou Nuer

Amnesty for offenses against persons and property prior to 1 November 1999

A call to all Lou people to return to home areas and embrace the peace

Extending the hand of peace to Gaawar Nuer to our west and Jikany Nuer to our East.

We stand ready to resolve any outstanding issues and build a permanent peace.

Extending the hand of peace to all neighbouring people on the East Bank of the Nile.

With the NSCC, we invite all Nilotic peoples on the East Bank of the Nile to send delegations in February 2000 for a People-to-People peace conference.

Governance

Strongly urge our political and military leaders to construct civil and military governance systems that will unite all Nuer people and contribute to a reconciled and united south Sudan.

This system must be outside the control of the Government of Sudan or persons working in Government of Sudan controlled areas of the country.

A separation of civil and judicial administration from the military administration;

Empowerment of chiefs to handle all local judicial cases and a rebuilding of the civil judicial system;

Establishment of a police system that will maintain order within our communities and be accountable to the civil administration;

Instruct all civil administrators to be accountable for their areas, to the people, and to work in a close and transparent manner with indigenous and international NGOs;

Require the regular military and the White Army to demobilize all children under age fifteen;

Commit ourselves to development of water resources that enable us to have permanent communities, the establishment of schools for our children, health care for our people, and food to sustain ourselves all year.

Appeals from Lou Nuer

To all Nuer:

Appeal for unity, peace and shared responsibility for security within a unified political administration.

To all Neighbors:

We declare a unilateral, permanent cease-fire and express our desire to build peace with our neighbors.

To all Southerners:

We appeal for an unending commitment to unite south Sudan so that security is assured, our political objectives are realized and our rights protected.

To all Friends of South Sudan:

We appeal for partners who will help us rebuild our communities, strengthen our civil administration, and provide support for our common security.

A Word of Promise:

We will protect this peace against anyone from within our ranks or who would come against us from the outside attempting to destroy our unity and peace.

For this peace we are willing to die so that our children may live in peace and enjoy this good land that God has given to us.

Lou Nuer Peace and Governance Council Membership

Elected at Waat Lou Nuer Peace and Governance Conference

6 November 1999

Akobo District

Michael Yien Jiek

Executive Chief Thok Luak Yak

Mrs. Mary Chol Kwany

Nyirol District

Head Chief Peter Gatkek Tolciek

James Yoal Lul

Mrs. Elizabeth Nyagun Chuol

Dirror District

Head Chief Majok Rambang

Rebecka Nyanyak Wictuor

John Kutei Mut

Pulchuol District

Head Chief Dhuor Luak Loth

Buk Malual Muol

Thomas Lual Puot

Wuror District

Head Chief Gatluak Thou Kuony

Stephen Maluit Chuol

Elizabeth Nyayonga Chuol

Waat District

Head Chief Kai Gatkal Ngundeng

Mrs. Mary Nyayuok Jany

Nyang Kerjiok Char

At-Large Members

Gabriel Yoal Dok, Chairperson

John Luk Jok , Secretary

Gatliak Gatlou Riak

Nyang Chuol Dhuor

Majok Guandong

Kueth Luak Kok

John Jok Yoal Gai

Hoth Gor Luak

Chuol Rambang

Ket Gang Lual

Stephen Tut Puol

Cdr. Peter Bol Kong

Cdr. David Reath Malual

Cdr. Taban Juc

Cdr. Chot Riek Pathot

Dr. Wal Duany

Rev. David Kueat Wicluak

Rev. Peter Tut Pur