Ramada Peace Agreement

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Country/entity
Somalia
Puntland
Region
Africa (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name
Ramada Peace Agreement
Date
4 Dec 2005
Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement
Yes
Agreement/conflict level
Intrastate/local conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )
Stage
Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature
Inter-group
Peace process
Somalia-Puntland Peace Process
Parties
Reer Mahad sub-clan;
Reer Khalaf sub-clan
Third parties
-
Description
Settlement between the Reer Mahad and Reer Khalaf exchanging reparations following a series of revenge killings between the two sub-clans.

Agreement document
SO_051204_Ramada Peace Agreement.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth
No specific mention.
Disabled persons
No specific mention.
Elderly/age
No specific mention.
Migrant workers
No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
Religious groups
No specific mention.
Indigenous people
No specific mention.
Other groups
No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
Social class
No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender
Page 1,
2. In the second case of killings, the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Mahad should pay diya for the two deceased, 100 camels and an additional 20 camels as reverence, and 5,000, 000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses plus the two firearms, and offer two Godobtir (girls for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

Page 1,
3. In case of the killing of the Nabaddoon, who is a birmageydo (traditionally protected or “spared from the spear”), the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Khalaf to pay diya of 100 camels and 20 additional camels as respect, plus 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the gun, and offer a Godobtir (girl for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party. A further $ 20,000 is to be paid as reverence to the Reer Mahad sub- clan.
Men and boys
No specific mention.
LGBTI
No specific mention.
Family
No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
State configuration
No specific mention.
Self determination
No specific mention.
Referendum
No specific mention.
State symbols
No specific mention.
Independence/secession
No specific mention.
Accession/unification
No specific mention.
Border delimitation
No specific mention.
Cross-border provision
No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
Elections
No specific mention.
Electoral commission
No specific mention.
Political parties reform
No specific mention.
Civil society
No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders
No specific mention.
Public administration
No specific mention.
Constitution
No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing
No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
Military power sharing
No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship
No specific mention.
Democracy
No specific mention.
Detention procedures
No specific mention.
Media and communication
No specific mention.
Mobility/access
No specific mention.
Protection measures
No specific mention.
Other
No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI
No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
Traditional Laws
[Summary] Agreement mentions traditional justice terms: 'Diya' meaning blood money; Godotir meaning 'girls for marriage', the status of being Birmageydo or 'spared from the spear'.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
National economic plan
No specific mention.
Natural resources
No specific mention.
International funds
No specific mention.
Business
No specific mention.
Taxation
No specific mention.
Banks
No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights
No specific mention.
Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
Environment
No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
Ceasefire
No specific mention.
Police
No specific mention.
Armed forces
No specific mention.
DDR
No specific mention.
Intelligence services
No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
Corruption
No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime
No specific mention.
Drugs
No specific mention.
Terrorism
No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
Courts
No specific mention.
Mechanism
No specific mention.
Prisoner release
No specific mention.
Vetting
No specific mention.
Victims
No specific mention.
Missing persons
No specific mention.
Reparations
Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
Page 1,
1. In the case of the first killing at the checkpoint, the committee agreed to follow the judgment of the court since the offenders acknowledged the killing and the court ruled on that basis. The committee concluded diya payment should be 100 camels, an additional 20 camels as respect and 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the handgun, apportioned by the two sub-clans (Reer Mahad and Reer Khalaf) to which the perpetrators belong.

Page 1,
2. In the second case of killings, the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Mahad should pay diya for the two deceased, 100 camels and an additional 20 camels as reverence, and 5,000, 000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses plus the two firearms, and offer two Godobtir (girls for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

Page 1,
3. In case of the killing of the Nabaddoon, who is a birmageydo (traditionally protected or “spared from the spear”), the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Khalaf to pay diya of 100 camels and 20 additional camels as respect, plus 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the gun, and offer a Godobtir (girl for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party. A further $ 20,000 is to be paid as reverence to the Reer Mahad sub- clan.
On the first point, the offenders were taken to a court in Gaalka’yo and convicted to 10 years imprisonment and diya of 120 camels. The family of the deceased initially refused the ruling and instead demanded capital punishment for the murder but ultimately accepted diya.
Reconciliation
No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory
No specific mention.
Other international signatory
No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
Related cases
No specific mention.
Source
Source: Hassan Adan Mohamed and Amina Abdulkadir M. Nur, The Puntland Experience: A Bottom- up Approach to Peace and State Building - Peace Initiatives in Puntland 1991-2007 (ed.) Pat Johnson (Garowe, Puntland, Somalia: Interpeace, 2008), p. 76

The Ramada Peace Agreement, 2005

The outcome of the agreement can be summarized as follows:

1. In the case of the first killing at the checkpoint, the committee agreed to follow the judgment of the court since the offenders acknowledged the killing and the court ruled on that basis.

The committee concluded diya payment should be 100 camels, an additional 20 camels as respect and 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the handgun, apportioned by the two sub-clans (Reer Mahad and Reer Khalaf) to which the perpetrators belong.

2. In the second case of killings, the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Mahad should pay diya for the two deceased, 100 camels and an additional 20 camels as reverence, and 5,000, 000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses plus the two firearms, and offer two Godobtir (girls for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

3. In case of the killing of the Nabaddoon, who is a birmageydo (traditionally protected or “spared from the spear”), the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Khalaf to pay diya of 100 camels and 20 additional camels as respect, plus 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the gun, and offer a Godobtir (girl for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

A further $ 20,000 is to be paid as reverence to the Reer Mahad sub- clan.

On the first point, the offenders were taken to a court in Gaalka’yo and convicted to 10 years imprisonment and diya of 120 camels.

The family of the deceased initially refused the ruling and instead demanded capital punishment for the murder but ultimately accepted diya.