Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration
Export agreement coding (PDF)Country/entity
Ethiopia
KenyaRegion
Africa (excl MENA)
Africa (excl MENA)Agreement name
Dukana-Dillo-Maikona DeclarationDate
19 Jul 2009Agreement status
Multiparty signed/agreedInterim arrangement
YesAgreement/conflict level
Intrastate/local conflict ( )Stage
Framework/substantive - partialConflict nature
Inter-groupPeace process
Kenya Local AgreementsParties
No signature but agreement is between Borana of Kenya and the Gabra people.Third parties
-Description
Agreement between Borana and Gabra relating to access to resources. Also contains agreed penalties that will be incurred for theft of livestock.
Agreement document
Groups
- Children/youth
No specific mention.
- Disabled persons
No specific mention.
- Elderly/age
No specific mention.
- Migrant workers
No specific mention.
- Racial/ethnic/national group
No specific mention.
- Religious groups
No specific mention.
- Indigenous people
No specific mention.
- Other groups
No specific mention.
- Refugees/displaced persons
No specific mention.
- Social class
No specific mention.
Gender
- Women, girls and gender
No specific mention.
- Men and boys
No specific mention.
- LGBTI
No specific mention.
- Family
No specific mention.
State definition
- Nature of state (general)
No specific mention.
- State configuration
No specific mention.
- Self determination
No specific mention.
- Referendum
No specific mention.
- State symbols
No specific mention.
- Independence/secession
No specific mention.
- Accession/unification
No specific mention.
- Border delimitation
No specific mention.
- Cross-border provision
No specific mention.
Governance
- Political institutions (new or reformed)
No specific mention.
- Elections
No specific mention.
- Electoral commission
No specific mention.
- Political parties reform
No specific mention.
- Civil society
No specific mention.
- Traditional/religious leadersPage 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“We propose an elder’s committee. We need a period that will be facilitated by this committee working on peace between these communities until things take off and we have engagement and interaction.”
...
Page 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“We don’t have to run to the government to sort out our issues. We can use our own systems. We can sort out our daily life issues through our own traditional system.” - Public administration
No specific mention.
- Constitution
No specific mention.
Power sharing
- Political power sharing
No specific mention.
- Territorial power sharing
No specific mention.
- Economic power sharing
No specific mention.
- Military power sharing
No specific mention.
Human rights and equality
- Human rights/RoL general
No specific mention.
- Bill of rights/similar
No specific mention.
- Treaty incorporation
No specific mention.
- Civil and political rights
No specific mention.
- Socio-economic rights
No specific mention.
Rights related issues
- Citizenship
No specific mention.
- Democracy
No specific mention.
- Detention procedures
No specific mention.
- Media and communication
No specific mention.
- Mobility/access
No specific mention.
- Protection measures
No specific mention.
- Other
No specific mention.
Rights institutions
- NHRI
No specific mention.
- Regional or international human rights institutions
No specific mention.
Justice sector reform
- Criminal justice and emergency law
No specific mention.
- State of emergency provisions
No specific mention.
- Judiciary and courts
No specific mention.
- Prisons and detention
No specific mention.
- Traditional Laws
No specific mention.
Socio-economic reconstruction
- Development or socio-economic reconstruction
No specific mention.
- National economic plan
No specific mention.
- Natural resourcesPage 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“We have decided that from this meeting on, you Gabra have the right to use all our resources equally. [We will make] an inter-clan committee of Borana and Gabra that will oversee the rules of access to resources.” - International funds
No specific mention.
- Business
No specific mention.
- Taxation
No specific mention.
- Banks
No specific mention.
Land, property and environment
- Land reform/rights
No specific mention.
- Pastoralist/nomadism rightsPage 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“We propose an elder’s committee. We need a period that will be facilitated by this committee working on peace between these communities until things take off and we have engagement and interaction.”
Page 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“Animals from both communities have strayed. We should return these to their owners.”
Page 1, Untitled Preamble
...
“We should be people together, giving each other information – where lost animals are etc – all information” - Cultural heritage
No specific mention.
- Environment
No specific mention.
- Water or riparian rights or access
No specific mention.
Security sector
- Security Guarantees
No specific mention.
- Ceasefire
No specific mention.
- Police
No specific mention.
- Armed forces
No specific mention.
- DDR
No specific mention.
- Intelligence services
No specific mention.
- Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
No specific mention.
- Withdrawal of foreign forces
No specific mention.
- Corruption
No specific mention.
- Crime/organised crimePage 1, The gathering also agreed to adopt the Dillo and Dukana declaration [November 2008] which decrees that:
1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is four animals per one animal stolen and the culprit has to pay the expense incurred for tracking that animal.
2. If anyone injures another person with intent the penalty is 15 cows.
3. If anyone kills a person, the penalty is 30 cows.
4. If someone is putting out lies and propaganda, inciting people to fight, this is very serious. It is worse than fighting itself. He is fined expenses and five cows.
5. For the man who conceals a culprit or information, both the concealer and the concealed are fined the same. E.g. a man who hides another man who has killed; both are fined 30 cows.
In all these cases the culprit also goes to court. - Drugs
No specific mention.
- Terrorism
No specific mention.
Transitional justice
- Transitional justice general
No specific mention.
- Amnesty/pardon
No specific mention.
- Courts
No specific mention.
- Mechanism
No specific mention.
- Prisoner release
No specific mention.
- Vetting
No specific mention.
- Victims
No specific mention.
- Missing persons
No specific mention.
- ReparationsTransitional justice→Reparations→Material reparationsPage 1,
1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is four animals per one animal stolen and the culprit has to pay the expense incurred for tracking that animal.
2. If anyone injures another person with intent the penalty is 15 cows.
3. If anyone kills a person, the penalty is 30 cows.
4. If someone is putting out lies and propaganda, inciting people to fight, this is very serious. It is worse than fighting itself. He is fined expenses and five cows.
5. For the man who conceals a culprit or information, both the concealer and the concealed are fined the same. E.g. a man who hides another man who has killed; both are fined 30 cows.
In all these cases the culprit also goes to court. - Reconciliation
No specific mention.
Implementation
- UN signatory
No specific mention.
- Other international signatory
No specific mention.
- Referendum for agreement
No specific mention.
- International mission/force/similar
No specific mention.
- Enforcement mechanism
No specific mention.
- Related cases
No specific mention.
- SourcePastoralist Communication Initiative, (2009) http://www.pastoralists.org/borana-and-gabrapastoralists-agree-to-peace/
Dukana-Dillo-Maikona Declaration
Maikona, 19th July 2009
The communities at the Maikona meeting made the following declarations:
“The Borana of Kenya announce that it is peace for us without any conditions.
We have accepted peace.
The Gabra people accept peace too.”
“We have decided that from this meeting on, you Gabra have the right to use all our resources equally. [
We will make] an inter-clan committee of Borana and Gabra that will oversee the rules of access to resources.”
“We propose an elder’s committee.
We need a period that will be facilitated by this committee working on peace between these communities until things take off and we have engagement and interaction.”
“Animals from both communities have strayed.
We should return these to their owners.”
“We should be people together, giving each other information – where lost animals are etc – all information”
“We hope to have another meeting in Walda in a week’s time that includes people of Moyale and Sololo so that issues we have discussed here can be handed over to the people there and implemented.”
“The issues of [district] boundaries is the preserve of the government.
It is not for us to deal with.”
“We don’t have to run to the government to sort out our issues.
We can use our own systems.
We can sort out our daily life issues through our own traditional system.”
“After this meeting we should have a lot of other small events, small activities to talk to the people and mobilise them for peace.”
The gathering also agreed to adopt the Dillo and Dukana declaration [November 2008] which decrees that:
1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is four animals per one animal stolen and the culprit has to pay the expense incurred for tracking that animal.
2. If anyone injures another person with intent the penalty is 15 cows.
3. If anyone kills a person, the penalty is 30 cows.
4. If someone is putting out lies and propaganda, inciting people to fight, this is very serious.
It is worse than fighting itself.
He is fined expenses and five cows.
5. For the man who conceals a culprit or information, both the concealer and the concealed are fined the same.
E.g. a man who hides another man who has killed;
both are fined 30 cows.
In all these cases the culprit also goes to court.