Agreement between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) on the Termination of the State of Insurgency

  • Country/entity
    Ethiopia
    Ogaden
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Agreement between the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) on the Termination of the State of Insurgency
  • Date
    12 Oct 2010
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Ethiopia's Territorial Conflicts (1990 - ) )
  • Stage
    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Ogaden peace process
  • Parties
    - For the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Dr. Shiferaw Teklemariam, Minister, Ministry of Federal Affairs
    - Ogaden National Liberal Front (ONLF): Eng. Salahdin A. Maow, Chairman, Ogaden National Liberal Front (ONLF)
  • Third parties
    -
  • Description
    This short agreement terminates the state of insurgency in between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Ogaden National Liberal Front (ONLF). It provides for a ceasefire, amnesty, constitutional rights, integration and rehabilitation for ONLF members, right to return, and acceleration of development.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group
    Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia;...
  • Religious groups
    Groups→Religious groups→Substantive
    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons
    Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
    Page 3, Article 5: Right of Return:
    The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.
  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all
    nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;
  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution
    Governance→Constitution→Constitution affirmation/renewal
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all
    nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

    Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
    ...
    3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the ONLF.
    ...
    5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.

    Page 2, Article 2: Amnesty:
    The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia will extend amnesty to the leaders and members of the ONLF as stipulated by the constitution of the country and pardon proclamation.

    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
    B. Right to Development.
    C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
    D. Right to Property.
    E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;

    Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
    ...
    3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the ONLF.
    ...
    5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.
  • Bill of rights/similar
    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
    B. Right to Development.
    C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
    D. Right to Property.
    E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Equality
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all
    nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of speech
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    ...
    C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
    Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Thought, opinion, conscience and religion
    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
    ...
    C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
    ...
    E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
  • Socio-economic rights
    Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Property
    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    ...
    D. Right to Property.
    Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Other
    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    ...
    B. Right to Development.
    ...
    E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

    Page 3, Article 4 Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
    ...
    2. All members of ONLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.

Rights related issues

  • Citizenship
    Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizens, specific rights
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;
  • Democracy
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitution rights in a peaceful manner;
  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other
    Page 3, Article 5: Right of Return:
    The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of tbe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all
    nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia; and full fledged regional government established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for promoting equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternative program;

    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    ...
    B. Right to Development.


    Page 3, Article 4 Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
    ...
    2. All members of ONLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.

    Page 3, Article 5: Right of Return:
    The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of tbe constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

    Page 3, Article 6: Acceleration of Development:
    Recognizing the cumulative effects of underdevelopment, compounded by the destructive effects of insurgency and inst abi lity in the Somali region, the Parties agree to fully cooperate in enhancing the all round development of the Somali region.
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble:
    ...
    Reaffirming the parties' adherence to the peace terms -Memorandum of Understanding- agreed upon in last meeting held in Washington D.C. USA on August 1, 2010 and the subsequent negotiations and meetings that were held since the declaration of ceasefire between the two parties;
    Recognizing that the declaration of cease fire was a historic landmark in establishing long lasting peace and stability; and that it paves the way for the further development and advancement in all aspects of life;

    Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
    1. The state of insurgency which ONLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.
    ...
    4. The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of cease fire agreed upon at Washington D.C. United States of America.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
    Page 3, Article 4 Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
    1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the ONLF
    by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members' integration in the society.
    2. All members of ONLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
    1. The state of insurgency which ONLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.
    2. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the ONLF members who are in prisons.
    3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the ONLF.
    4. The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of cease fire agreed upon at Washington D.C. United States of America.
    5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.
    6. The ONLF agrees to work together with the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to bring those the then ONLF remaining elements, who are not part of this proc ess, into the peace agreement.

    Page 2, Article 2: Amnesty:
    The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia will extend amnesty to the leaders and members of the ONLF as stipulated by the constitution of the country and pardon proclamation.

    Page 2, Article 3: Constitutional Rights:
    The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:
    A. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.
    B. Right to Development.
    C. Thought, Opinion and Expression.
    D. Right to Property.
    E. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

    Page 3, Article 4 Resettlement and Rehabilitation:
    1. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the ONLF
    by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members' integration in the society.
    2. All members of ONLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon
    Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
    Page 2, Article 2: Amnesty:
    The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia will extend amnesty to the leaders and members of the ONLF as stipulated by the constitution of the country and pardon proclamation.
  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release
    Page 2, Article 1: Article 1 Termination of the State of Insurgency:
    2. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the ONLF members who are in prisons.
  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    http://www.somalia-aktuell.de/

AGREEMENT

BETWEEN

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC

REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

AND

THE OGADEN NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (ONLF)

ON THE TERMINATION OF THE STATE OF INSURGENCY

The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) hereinafter referred to as the "Parties" ;

Firmly convinced of the need for strategic and comprehensive peace in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;

Reaffirming the parties' adherence to the peace terms-Memorandum of Understanding agreed upon in last meeting held in Washington D.C. USA on August 1, 2010 and the subsequent negotiations and meetings that were held since the declaration of ceasefire between the two parties;

Recognizing that the declaration of cease fire was a historic landmark in establishing long lasting peace and stability;

and that it paves the way for the further development and advancement in all aspects of life;

Further convinced of the fact that human and democratic rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia had given substantial guarantees to the peoples of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to acquire constitutional rights in a peaceful manner;

Realizing that article 39 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has given full right of self determination up to and including secession to all nations, nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia;

and full fledged regional government is established in the Somali region thereby laying legal and political framework for [illegible word] equitable development and peaceful way of propagating alternate program;

Noting the agreement as a golden opportunity that will bring about a historical conciliation between the Parties which is a cornerstone for future progress and development that the people are in desperate need;

Inviting other parties concerned to join the peace process that had begun and overwhelmingly welcomed by the people at home and communities in Diaspora;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

Termination of the State of Insurgency

I. The state of insurgency which ONLF has been conducting in the Somali regional state of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is hereby definitively terminated and peace is established.

2. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to release the ONLF members who are in prisons.

3. The Parties agree that the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia shall be the basis for all rights demanded by the ONLF.

4. The Parties agree that both have fulfilled their commitments in compliance with terms of ceasefire agreed upon at Washington D.C. United States of America.

5. ONLF agrees to abide by the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and all other laws of the country.

6. The ONLF agrees to work together with the Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia to bring those the then ONLF remaining elements, who are not part of this process, into the peace agreement.

Article 2

Amnesty

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia will extend amnesty to the leaders and members of the ONLF as stipulated by the constitution of the country and pardon proclamation.

Article 3

Constitutional Rights

The Parties agree that ONLF leaders and members shall enjoy the constitutional rights enshrined in the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia that includes:

Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion.

Right to Development.

Right of Thought, Opinion and Expression.

Right of Property.

Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

2

Article 4

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

I. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia agrees to take appropriate arrangements for the reception and welcoming of the members of the ONLF by allocating resources to provide for rehabilitation and assistance as well as implementing suitable measures for the members ' integration in the society .

2. All members of ONLF shall have the right to participate in the development process in all its aspects by joining the different institutions at both state and federal levels.

Article 5

Right of Return

The Parties agree that, as per Article 32 of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, this agreement calls upon all the people who have left the country because of the past conflicts between the Parties to return to the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and make valuable contributions to the on-going development process.

Article 6

Acceleration of Development

Recognizing the cumulative effects of underdevelopment, compounded by the destructive effects of insurgency and instability in the Somali region, the Parties agree to fully cooperate in enhancing the all round development of the Somali region.

Article 7

Entry into Force

This Agreement shall come into force on the date of its signature and shall remain in force indefinite

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized by their respective authorities, have signed this Agreement.

Signed in Addis Ababa on this 12th day of the month of October in the year 2010 in two original copies in the English language, both texts being equally authentic:

For the Federal Democratic Ogaden National Liberation Front

Republic of (ONLF)

Ethiopia

_____________________________ _________________________________

Dr Shiferaw Teklemariam Eng.

Salahdin A. Maow

Minister, Ministry of Federal Chairman,

Affairs Ogaden National Liberation Front

(ONFL)