Pacte de Non-Agression et Reconciliation Communautaire

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Country/entity: Central African Republic
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Pacte de Non-Agression et Reconciliation Communautaire
Date: 11 Feb 2016
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Central African Republic Conflicts (1996 - )
The Central African Republic conflict is one of a set of regionally connected conflicts addressed by the African Great Lakes process. After the country gained independence from France in 1960 it has been ruled by a sequence of autocratic leaders that principally gained power through coups. Since the mid-1990s several waves of internal conflict took place in the Central African Republic, primarily along tribal, and later-on increasingly sectarian, lines. In 1996 and 1997, French troops and soldiers from neighbouring countries intervened to end a mutiny in the capital, Bangui, by factions of the army. The fighting was predominantly along tribal lines, with southern tribes in revolt against the ‘northern’ government. A UN mission was installed in 1998 to secure the truce.
After General Bozizé took control of the country after several coup attempts in 2003, a ‘bush war’ began led by armed opposition forces. From late 2006 onward, government troops with French military support severely weakened the rebels. Following this, a number of agreements were signed during 2007-2008, but not all factions have accepted them. In 2011, Bozizé was re-elected in supposedly fraudulent elections, which resulted in a new wave of uprisings. Séléka, an alliance of northern rebel groups, took over parts of the country and forced Bozizé to agree to a power-sharing deal. However, after this agreement broke down, Séléka took control of Bangui and Bozizé had to flee the country in 2013. Leader of Séléka, Michel Djotodia, took office and officially disbanded Séléka. However, continual violence between ex-Séléka groups and opposing militias, collectively known as ‘anti-balaka’, persisted and Djotodia was forced to resign less than a year later. Catherine Samba-Panza was installed as interim president until Faustin Archange Touadéra was elected in January 2016. In February 2019 an agreement was signed between the government and fourteen armed groups, including ex-Seleka groups, committed to disarmament. However, violence between ex-Seleka groups and anti-balaka continues.
Stage: Framework/substantive - comprehensive
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: CAR: Local Processes
Parties: The ex-anti-Balak of Boeing
The Self Defence Group of the 3rd District
Muslim religious leader
Catholic religious leader
Protestant religious leader
Monitoring committee
Women of KM5- Aissatou Sahada
Women of Boeing - Celine Senboy
Young people of KM5
Young people of Boeing
Civl society of Boeing
Major of the 3rd District
Mayor of Bimbo III
Third parties: -
Description: This agreement is between communities the inhabitants of the 3rd District and the people of Bimbo III in Central African Republic. The communities make commitments and also call on the Government of Central African Republic, civil society, and international actors to assist them in implementing the agreement.

Agreement document: Eng_CF_11022016_Pacte_de_NonAgression_et_Reconciliation_Communautaire.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): CF_11022016_Pacte_de_NonAgression_et_Reconciliation_Communautaire.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
Page 1, Preamble
Considering, the concerns of young people from both communities about their ability to move freely in the 3rd district and Bimbo III, due to lack of safety, to armed aggression, and the abundant feelings of hatred and revenge.

Considering the willingness shown by young men and women of the 3rd district and Bimbo III to rebuild peace together, with the support of local NGOs, development partners, the international community and of other benevolent people.
Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
3 - To aid young people in fulfilling their commitments.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
Page 2, Article 5
Both communities pledge to resist any kind of attempt to manipulate members of their communities for political, religious, ethnic, and cultural reasons.
Religious groups: Groups→Religious groups→Rhetorical
Page 1, Preamble
Considering that the closure of the Boeing Muslim cemetery since the crisis, which has resulted in unregulated burials in the 3rd district of Bangui, constitutes a major obstacle to restoring social cohesion in both communities and a violation of the right of all human beings to bury their dead with dignity.

Page 2, Article 5
Article 5: Both communities pledge to resist any kind of attempt to manipulate members of their communities for political, religious, ethnic, and cultural reasons.
Groups→Religious groups→Anti-discrimination
Page 2, Article 8
The two communities commit to promoting the harmonious coexistence of religions and beliefs and to:
1- Foster mutual respect and friendliness, and to make diversity a key positive aspect of the community.
2- Respect the secular nature of our country, foster mutual respect and cultural diversity, and promote new Central African citizenship among our various communities;
3- Respect and protect Internally Displaced Persons camps, places of worship, public places and the national cultural heritage.
Groups→Religious groups→Substantive
Page 2, Article 1
Both communities agree to the immediate reopening of the Boeing Muslim Cemetery to allow the Muslim community to bury its dead with dignity.

Page 2, Article 2
The inhabitants of Bangui City's 3rd district pledge to prohibit carrying and use of all weapons during funeral processions crossing the Bimbo III neighborhoods when travelling to the Boeing Muslim Cemetery.

Page 4
To the NGO FSD and other humanitarian and development partners:
...
2. To assist Muslim communities in rehabilitating the Boeing Cemetery with the infrastructure required for high-quality burials in accordance with religious norms.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
Page 1, Preamble
Considering that the CAR has experienced a military-political crisis since 2012 that has marred the country with inter-communal violence, the erosion of state autonomy, the disruption of social cohesion and the wide-scale displacement of thousands of people inside and outside the country.

Considering that the conflict largely affected the city of Bangui in general, and the 3rd district and the town of Bimbo III in particular, and that it forced inhabitants of the 3rd district to retreat into the Km5 enclave, and some inhabitants of Bimbo III to Displaced Persons sites in Bangui.
Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 2, Article 8
The two communities commit to promoting the harmonious coexistence of religions and beliefs and to:
...
3- Respect and protect Internally Displaced Persons camps, places of worship, public places and the national cultural heritage.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: ....(Preamble)
Considering that the populations of both communities were victims of looting,
assassinations, rapes, and other numerous crimes during the conflict.
....

Page 2, Article 4: Both communities pledge to outlaw any physical or verbal violence, armed aggression, rape, looting, and all behavior that is likely to aggravate inter-communal tensions.

Page 5, Signatories:
...
Women of KM5- Aissatou Sahada
Women of Boeing - Celine Senboy
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: Page 1, Preamble
Considering the willingness shown by young men and women of the 3rd district and Bimbo III to rebuild peace together, with the support of local NGOs, development partners, the international community and of other benevolent people.

Page 4
To the NGO FSD and other humanitarian and development partners:
1. To carry out exhumation of bodies that were not given a proper burial during the crisis.
2. To assist Muslim communities in rehabilitating the Boeing Cemetery with the infrastructure required for high-quality burials in accordance with religious norms.
3. To provide assistance through projects that encourage dialog, peaceful cohabitation, strengthening of social cohesion and development, all in aid of the Km5 and Boeing people.
4. To support the efforts of the government to reopen public school institutions, rehabilitation/construction of the Boeing Health Center, and the implementation of community recovery projects in the 3rd district and in Bimbo III.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: Page 3
To the Government of the Central African Republic:
...
2 - To restore the authority of the State in the 3rd district of Bangui and Bimbo III - reassuring citizens through the presence of local authorities and the restoration of justice system.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: Human rights and equality→Socio-economic rights→Other
Page 1, Preamble
Considering that the closure of the Boeing Muslim cemetery since the crisis, which has resulted in unregulated burials in the 3rd district of Bangui, constitutes a major obstacle to restoring social cohesion in both communities and a violation of the right of all human beings to bury their dead with dignity.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizenship other
Page 2, Article 7
Both communities pledge to work for peace, and to restore social harmony through living together. They also pledge to creating a culture of peace based on the new citizenship established by the Bangui National Forum and the strengthening of the Central African Republic’s fundamental values.

Page 2, Article 8
The two communities commit to promoting the harmonious coexistence of religions and beliefs and to:
...
2- Respect the secular nature of our country, foster mutual respect and cultural diversity, and promote new Central African citizenship among our various communities;
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 2, Article 6
The two communities endeavor to ensure and promote the free movement of persons and goods throughout the 3rd District and Bimbo III.

Page 4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
5- To establish a security and alert system in the key areas of Km5 and Boeing, in order to protect civilians and to ensure the free movement of goods and persons.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: Page 3
To the Government of the Central African Republic:
...
2- To restore the authority of the State in the 3rd district of Bangui and Bimbo III - reassuring citizens through the presence of local authorities and the restoration of justice system.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
4- To aid this process of cohabitation by building peace and pursuing development projects.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
Page 4
To the NGO FSD and other humanitarian and development partners:
...
3. To provide assistance through projects that encourage dialog, peaceful cohabitation, strengthening of social cohesion and development, all in aid of the Km5 and Boeing people.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 3
To the Government of the Central African Republic:
...
5- To restore public lighting and the drinking water supply network in Boeing's localities.
6- To begin the re-opening of public schools in Bimbo III and the 3rd district and to begin allocating qualified teachers.

Page 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
1- To proceed with the public works program (THIMO) with a view to building trust between us and ensuring access to the Boeing cemetery.
...
6- To support the restoration of State authority by rebuilding the City Hall, the police station and the Boeing market, in collaboration with other partners.

Page 4
To the NGO FSD and other humanitarian and development partners:
...
2. To assist Muslim communities in rehabilitating the Boeing Cemetery with the infrastructure required for high-quality burials in accordance with religious norms.
...4. To support the efforts of the government to reopen public school institutions, rehabilitation/construction of the Boeing Health Center, and the implementation of community recovery projects in the 3rd district and in Bimbo III.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: Page 2, Article 6
The two communities endeavor to ensure and promote the free movement of persons and goods throughout the 3rd District and Bimbo III.

Page 4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
5- To establish a security and alert system in the key areas of Km5 and Boeing, in order to protect civilians and to ensure the free movement of goods and persons.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Pages 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
5- To establish a security and alert system in the key areas of Km5 and Boeing, in order to protect civilians and to ensure the free movement of goods and persons.
Ceasefire: No specific mention.
Police: Pages 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
6- To support the restoration of State authority by rebuilding the City Hall, the police station and the Boeing market, in collaboration with other partners.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
Page 3
To the Government of the Central African Republic:
...
4- To accelerate the process of the DDRR Program for ex-combatants of Bimbo III and of the 3rd district of Bangui.

Pages 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
7- Facilitate the DDRR program for ex-combatants and affected communities.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: No specific mention.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, Preamble
Considering that the populations of both communities were victims of looting, assassinations, rapes, and other numerous crimes during the conflict.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
...
2- To facilitate the process of community reconciliation which has already begun, and which may lead to the signing of the Non-Aggression and Community Reconciliation Agreement.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: Page 3-4
To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:
We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:
1- To proceed with the public works program (THIMO) with a view to building trust between us and ensuring access to the Boeing cemetery.
2- To facilitate the process of community reconciliation which has already begun, and which may lead to the signing of the Non-Aggression and Community Reconciliation Agreement.
3- To aid young people to fulfilling their commitments.
4- To aid this process of cohabitation by building peace and pursuing development projects.
5- To establish a security and alert system in the key areas of Km5 and Boeing, in order to protect civilians and to ensure the free movement of goods and persons.
6- To support the restoration of State authority by rebuilding the City Hall, the police station and the Boeing market, in collaboration with other partners.
7- Facilitate the DDRR program for ex-combatants and affected communities.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 3, Article 10
The two parties agree to set up a Joint Committee to monitor and implement this agreement.

Page 3, Article 11
Any dispute relating to the interpretation and implementation of the Agreement will be resolved by negotiation between the parties through the established arbitration mechanism.

Page 3, Article 12
The two communities pledge to respect and ensure compliance with the provisions contained in this Non-aggression and Communal Reconciliation Agreement.
Given all the above, we recommend the following:
To the Agreement’s Monitoring and Implementation Committee:
1- To organize outreach campaigns in both communities with a view to the real peace of heart and mind of each citizen.
2- To ensure the broad circulation of the content of this Agreement, based on peaceful coexistence.
3- To organize in a reasonable timeframe a ceremony for the signing of the Non-aggression and Communal Reconciliation Agreement.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: On file with author.

NON-AGGRESSION AND COMMUNITY RECONCILIATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INHABITANTS OF THE 3RD DISTRICT AND THE PEOPLE OF BIMBO III

Considering that the CAR has experienced a military-political crisis since 2012 that has marred the country with inter-communal violence, the erosion of state autonomy, the disruption of social cohesion and the wide-scale displacement of thousands of people inside and outside the country.

Considering that the conflict largely affected the city of Bangui in general, and the 3rd district and the town of Bimbo III in particular, and that it forced inhabitants of the 3rd district to retreat into the Km5 enclave, and some inhabitants of Bimbo III to Displaced Persons sites in Bangui.

Considering that the populations of both communities were victims of looting, assassinations, rapes, and other numerous crimes during the conflict.

Considering that the closure of the Boeing Muslim cemetery since the crisis, which has resulted in unregulated burials in the 3rd district of Bangui, constitutes a major obstacle to restoring social cohesion in both communities and a violation of the right of all human beings to bury their dead with dignity.

Considering the recommendations of the Bangui National Forum of 11 May 2015 and the will of the Central African Government to resolve the inter-communal conflict in the country, and in the 3rd district and in Bimbo III in particular.

Considering, the concerns of young people from both communities about their ability to move freely in the 3rd district and Bimbo III, due to lack of safety, to armed aggression, and the abundant feelings of hatred and revenge.

Considering the willingness shown by young men and women of the 3rd district and Bimbo III to rebuild peace together, with the support of local NGOs, development partners, the international community and of other benevolent people.

We, the Communities of the 3rd District of Bangui and Bimbo III have agreed as follows:

Article 1:

Both communities agree to the immediate reopening of the Boeing Muslim Cemetery to allow the Muslim community to bury its dead with dignity.

Article 2:

The inhabitants of Bangui City's 3rd district pledge to prohibit carrying and use of all weapons during funeral processions crossing the Bimbo III neighborhoods when travelling to the Boeing Muslim Cemetery.

Article 3:

The inhabitants of Bimbo III, for their part, pledge to forbid any obstruction to funeral processions crossing their zone, to guarantee the safety of these processions, and to respect the dead by abstaining from any desecration of graves.

Article 4:

Both communities pledge to outlaw any physical or verbal violence, armed aggression, rape, looting, and all behavior that is likely to aggravate inter-communal tensions.

Article 5:

Both communities pledge to resist any kind of attempt to manipulate members of their communities for political, religious, ethnic, and cultural reasons.

Article 6:

The two communities endeavor to ensure and promote the free movement of persons and goods throughout the 3rd District and Bimbo III.

Article 7:

Both communities pledge to work for peace, and to restore social harmony through living together.

They also pledge to creating a culture of peace based on the new citizenship established by the Bangui National Forum and the strengthening of the Central African Republic’s fundamental values.

Article 8:

The two communities commit to promoting the harmonious coexistence of religions and beliefs and to:

1- Foster mutual respect and friendliness, and to make diversity a key positive aspect of the community.

2- Respect the secular nature of our country, foster mutual respect and cultural diversity, and promote new Central African citizenship among our various communities;

3- Respect and protect Internally Displaced Persons camps, places of worship, public places and the national cultural heritage.

Article 9:

The two communities pledge to denounce all enemies of the peace and repeat offenders who violate the agreement.

These will be reported to the Joint Agreement Monitoring Committee and to the local authorities.

Article 10:

The two parties agree to set up a Joint Committee to monitor and implement this agreement.

Article 11:

Any dispute relating to the interpretation and implementation of the Agreement will be resolved by negotiation between the parties through the established arbitration mechanism.

Article 12:

The two communities pledge to respect and ensure compliance with the provisions contained in this Non-aggression and Communal Reconciliation Agreement.

Given all the above, we recommend the following:

To the Agreement’s Monitoring and Implementation Committee:

1- To organize outreach campaigns in both communities with a view to the real peace of heart and mind of each citizen.

2- To ensure the broad circulation of the content of this Agreement, based on peaceful coexistence.

3- To organize in a reasonable timeframe a ceremony for the signing of the Non-aggression and Communal Reconciliation Agreement.

4- To ensure compliance by the two communities for the effective and timely implementation of the Agreement.

5- To report to the communities any risk of tensions resurging, as well as the progress of joint actions in the field.

To the Government of the Central African Republic:

1- To promote good governance and the unity of the Central African people in line with the recommendations of the Bangui National Forum.

2- To restore the authority of the State in the 3rd district of Bangui and Bimbo III - reassuring citizens through the presence of local authorities and the restoration of justice system.

3- To facilitate the process of exhumation of bodies that were not given a proper burial in the Km5 and Boeing neighborhoods during the crisis, with a view to burying them in the cemetery.

4- To accelerate the process of the DDRR Program for ex-combatants of Bimbo III and of the 3rd district of Bangui.

5- To restore public lighting and the drinking water supply network in Boeing's localities.

6- To begin the re-opening of public schools in Bimbo III and the 3rd district and to begin allocating qualified teachers.

To MINUSCA, the agencies of the United Nations system and the International Community:

We call on MINUSCA to support us in the following areas:

1- To proceed with the public works program (THIMO) with a view to building trust between us and ensuring access to the Boeing cemetery.

2- To facilitate the process of community reconciliation which has already begun, and which may lead to the signing of the Non-Aggression and Community Reconciliation Agreement.

3- To aid young people to fulfilling their commitments.

4- To aid this process of cohabitation by building peace and pursuing development projects.

5- To establish a security and alert system in the key areas of Km5 and Boeing, in order to protect civilians and to ensure the free movement of goods and persons.

6- To support the restoration of State authority by rebuilding the City Hall, the police station and the Boeing market, in collaboration with other partners.

7- Facilitate the DDRR program for ex-combatants and affected communities.

To the NGO FSD and other humanitarian and development partners:

1. To carry out exhumation of bodies that were not given a proper burial during the crisis.

2. To assist Muslim communities in rehabilitating the Boeing Cemetery with the infrastructure required for high-quality burials in accordance with religious norms.

3. To provide assistance through projects that encourage dialog, peaceful cohabitation, strengthening of social cohesion and development, all in aid of the Km5 and Boeing people.

4. To support the efforts of the government to reopen public school institutions, rehabilitation/construction of the Boeing Health Center, and the implementation of community recovery projects in the 3rd district and in Bimbo III.

This Agreement shall be drawn up in two original copies and will come into effect from the date of signature.

Done in Boeing, 11 February 2016 Signed by 14 representatives of the Boeing and PK5 communities (see next page).

SIGNATORIES:

FOR THE EX-ANTl-BALAKA OF BOEING

FOR THE SELF DEFENCE GROUP OF THE 3rd DISTRICT

THE MUSLIM RELIGIOUS LEADER

CATHOLIC RELIGIOUS LEADER

PROTESTANT RELIGIOUS LEADER

FOR THE MONITORING COMMITTEE

FOR THE WOMEN OF KM5

FOR THE WOMEN OF BOEING

FOR THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF KM5

FOR THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF BOEING

FOR THE CIVIL SOCIETY OF BOEING

MAYOR OF THE 3RD DISTRICT

MAYOR OF BIMBO III