Agreement [Ceasefire between Tripoli and Tarhounah]

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Country/entity: Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Agreement name: Agreement [Ceasefire between Tripoli and Tarhounah]
Date: 21 Sep 2018
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Libyan Conflicts (1969 - 1994) (2011 - )
Agreements relate to two distinct conflict dyads.
Libya-Chad. Since the 1970s, Libya under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi had a tense relationship with its neighbour Chad, predominantly focused on the resource-rich Aouzou Strip in northern Chad. Libyan claims of the Aouzou Strip were held in an un-ratified treaty between France and Italy in 1935, similarly Chadian claims of the Strip were argued with support of a 1955 treaty between Libya and France. In 1973, Libya effectively annexed the Strip to gain access to natural resources. This spurred cross-border clashes between 1979 until 1987 until escalated to a brief war known as the Toyota War, wherein Chadian government troops succeeded in repelling Libyan forces. A brief and repeatedly violated ceasefire was held from 1987-88, followed by a series of unsuccessful negotiations, until an International Court of Justice ruling in 1994, which granted sovereignty of the Strip to Chad.

Libya post-Gaddafi. Gaddafi’s downfall following the Libyan Civil War in 2011-2012, led to several factions fighting for the country’s leadership. Since 2013, the country effectively split into three entities, with the National Army controlling the east including the city of Benghazi, and the New General National Congress and their militias such as the Golden Dawn controlling the northwest including the capital of Tripoli. Significant portions of the country in the south-west are currently held by Tuareg forces. The civil war and chaos continued into 2014 as the General National Congress refused to disband after the expiry of its mandate, resulting in eruption of mass protests. The UN efforts continue to broker peace between the Libyan Army and the Libya Dawn factions, and a partial ceasefire was declared in January 2015. A new interim-government (Tunisia-based) called ‘Government of National Accord’ is formed with the backing of UN despite the refusal of the other forces to recognise its authority and arrived to Tripoli with the UN in 2016. A state of emergency was declared by the UN backed government amid clashed between rival militia in Tripoli’s southern suburbs. Since April 2019 there has been sustained fighting between the Libyan National Army and the UN-backed government in Tripoli as the Libyan National Army aims to seize Tripoli.
Stage: Ceasefire/related
Conflict nature: Government
Peace process: Libyan peace process
Parties: First Party – City of Tarhuna
1. Hajj Saleh Salem Al Fanidi
2. Abdulrahim Muhammad Ali
3. Idris Ali Saleh Al Amiri

Second Party – City of Tripoli
1. Al Sayd Ibrahim Qadour
2. Hajj Miftah Masoud Al Arabi
3. Hajj Nour Al Din Saleh Al Dali
4. Hajj Riyadh Saleh Al Sareef
Third parties: Attended by:
1. Mr. Abu Baker Miftah Al Abani
2. Muhammad Al Sayeh Al Busaifi
3. Brig. Gen. Muhammad Ali Al Bakoush

Sponsored by the Minister of Interior, Brig. Gen. Abdulsalam Mustafa Ashour
Description: Six point ceasefire for southern Tripoli. Ceasefire has an interesting 'signatory ritual' having each party issue a statement agreeing to the ceasefire. Ceasefire includes the withdrawal of armed groups, removal of checkpoints, and deletion of inflammatory social media accounts as well as stationing police (employed before 2011) to avoid a security vacuum. An enforcement committee is formed.

Agreement document: LY_180921_Tripoli Ceasefire (Tarhuna)_EN.pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF
Agreement document (original language): LY_180921_Tripoli Ceasefire (Tarhuna)_AR.pdf (opens in new tab)| Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: No specific mention.
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: No specific mention.
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: No specific mention.
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: No specific mention.
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: No specific mention.

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: No specific mention.
Public administration: No specific mention.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: Power sharing→Military power sharing→Proportionality
Page 2, 4. The Minister of Interior shall form a force made up of members from the security directorates from both Tripoli, Tarhunah, and Qasr bin Ghashir, with the participation of police officers from the western area who have been employed by the Ministry of Interior since before 2011. These security directorates and the joint forces shall be tasked with providing security in the area of southern Tripoli (the area from Salah al-Din to Qasr bin Ghashir) and the institutions in them, and this shall be done in coordination with the commander of the Tripoli military zone.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: No specific mention.
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: No specific mention.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: Page 1, 3. The attendees of the meeting all reiterated the importance of not arresting or detaining anyone based on their ID/origin, not taking or damaging private property, spreading rhetoric of reconciliation, tolerance, and reform, and rejecting the social media accounts and pages that incite against others.
Media and communication: Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
Page 1, 3. The attendees of the meeting all reiterated the importance of not arresting or detaining anyone based on their ID/origin, not taking or damaging private property, spreading rhetoric of reconciliation, tolerance, and reform, and rejecting the social media accounts and pages that incite against others.
Mobility/access: Page 2, 5. A delegation made up of the members of the reconciliation and the dignitaries who participated in the reconciliation process and the ceasefire shall go to the areas of the clashes with the forces formed from the Ministry of Interior to supervise the withdrawal of the forces of the parties there and their return to their bases. They will also supervise the removal of military barriers, barriers, and the remains of the clashes. It should be mentioned that it is important that there be coordination with the commander of the Tripoli military zone in this matter.
Protection measures: No specific mention.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: No specific mention.
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: No specific mention.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: No specific mention.
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: No specific mention.

Security sector

Security Guarantees: No specific mention.
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
Page 1, 1. Sustaining the ceasefire that was agreed upon based on the Zawiyah Agreement, and this shall be included in a statement by the Minister of Interior, followed by a statement from the city of Tarhuna confirming its adherence to the ceasefire, then a statement from the city of Tripoli confirming the ceasefire

Page 1, 2. An agreement was reached that the Tarhuna delegation would contact the head of the al-Sumud Brigade, Salah Badi, regarding the comprehensive agreement for a ceasefire, while the Tripoli delegation would contact Abd al-Ghani al-Kakli and ensure that he adheres to the ceasefire.
Police: Page 2, 4. The Minister of Interior shall form a force made up of members from the security directorates from both Tripoli, Tarhunah, and Qasr bin Ghashir, with the participation of police officers from the western area who have been employed by the Ministry of Interior since before 2011. These security directorates and the joint forces shall be tasked with providing security in the area of southern Tripoli (the area from Salah al-Din to Qasr bin Ghashir) and the institutions in them, and this shall be done in coordination with the commander of the Tripoli military zone.
Armed forces: No specific mention.
DDR: No specific mention.
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 2, 5. A delegation made up of the members of the reconciliation and the dignitaries who participated in the reconciliation process and the ceasefire shall go to the areas of the clashes with the forces formed from the Ministry of Interior to supervise the withdrawal of the forces of the parties there and their return to their bases. They will also supervise the removal of military barriers, barriers, and the remains of the clashes. It should be mentioned that it is important that there be coordination with the commander of the Tripoli military zone in this matter.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: No specific mention.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: No specific mention.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: No specific mention.
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: No specific mention.

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: Page 2, 6. A committee shall be formed of the members of the reconciliation by a decree from the Minister of Interior to communicate, activate the work of the security arrangements committee, and follow up with its outputs.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: ‘This is the conclusion of the reconciliation agreement between Tarhounah and Tripoli’, Address Libya, 26 September 2018, https://www.addresslibya.com/archives/39999

Agreement

A meeting was conducted on Friday, the 10thof Muharram 1440 Hijri (21 September 2018) in the municipality of Castelverde in the [ILLEGIBLE] area, and it was attended by the following representatives of the cities of Tripoli and Tarhuna:

The First Party – The City of Tarhuna

Hajj Saleh Salem Al Fanidi

Dr. Abdulraheem Muhammad Ali

Idris Ali Saleh Al Amiri

The Second Party – The City of Tripoli

Dr. Al Sayd Ibrahim Qanour

Hajj Miftah Masoud Al Arabi

Hajj Nour AL Din Saleh Al Dali

Hajj Riyadh Saleh Al Shareef

In the attendance of:

Abu Bakr Miftah Al Ayali

Muhammad Al Sayeh Al Busaifi

Brig.

Gen. Muhammad Ali Al Bakoush

The meeting was sponsored by the Minister of Interior, Brig.

Gen. Abdulsalam Mustafa Ashour,

And, after lengthy discussions, the following was agreed upon:

Consolidation of the ceasefire that was agreed upon in the Zawiyah Agreement, and this shall be done by issuing a statement by the Minister of Interior followed by a statement from the city of Tarhuna confirming that they shall adhere to the ceasefire, and issuing a statement from the city of Tripoli confirming the ceasefire

An agreement was reached that the Tarhuna delegation would communicate with the Commander of the Al Sumoud Brigade, Mr. Salah Badi, in the scope of a complete framework for a ceasefire, and that the Tripoli delegation would communicate with Abdulghani Al Kakli and oblige him to adhere to the ceasefire

The attendees all confirmed the importance of them adhering to not carrying out detentions or abductions based on identities or taking private property, that they shall all adhere to spreading a message of de-escalation, tolerance, and reform, and that they will reject the pages on social media sites that call for fighting and sedition

The Minister of Interior shall be responsible for forming a force from the Security Directorates of Tripoli, Tarhuna, and Qasr Bin Ushair, with the participation of police officers in the Western Region who have been employed by the Ministry of Interior since before 2011.

These security directorates and the joint force shall be tasked with securing the area of Western Tripoli (from Salah Al Din to Qasr Bin Ushair) and the institutions that are in that area.

They shall do this in cooperation with the commander of the Tripoli Military Region.

A delegation of individuals who participated in the reconciliation and dignitaries who participated in the reconciliation and cease fire process shall be tasked with going into the areas of the fighting with the force that is formed by the Ministry of Interior to supervise the withdrawal of the parties back to their areas and the removal of the barriers and remnants of the fighting.

It should be noted that it is important for this group to coordinate with the Commander of the Tripoli Military Region in this regard.

A committee shall be formed of the men of the reconciliation by a decree from the Minister of Interior to be responsible for communication, the activation of the work of the security arrangements committee, and for following up with the implementation of its outputs.

The Signatures of the Representatives of Tarhuna

Hajj Saleh Salem Al Fanidi [SIGNED]

Dr. Abdulraheem Muhammad Ali [SIGNED]

Idris Ali Saleh Al Amiri [SIGNED]

The Signatures of the Representatives of Tripoli

Dr. Al Sayd Ibrahim Qanour [SIGNED]

Hajj Miftah Masoud Al Arabi [SIGNED]

Hajj Nour AL Din Saleh Al Dali [SIGNED]

Hajj Riyadh Saleh Al Shareef [SIGNED]

Approval of the Minister of Interior

The Supreme Council for Reconciliation in Greater Tripoli

Meeting:

Meeting to Sign the Reconciliation Agreement between Tripoli and Tarhuna

Date:

25/9/2018

Name

Position

Signature

Phone #

Riyadh Saleh Al Shawf

Member of the Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0913581716

Kamal Ali Harakat

Conflict Resolution Committee

[SIGNED]

0918086498

Al Madani Abduljalil Muhammad

Elders Council of the Southeast

[SIGNED]

0914326381

Nouri Ahmad Abdullah Al Masik

Conflict Resolution Committee

[SIGNED]

0921412371

Ahmad Ali Abu Al Qassim Arrab

Al Radhaynah

[SIGNED]

0914101110

Mayouf Masoud Sabra

Kibar

[SIGNED]

0995220060

Abu Lamim Masoud Mahlawin

Kabar

[SIGNED]

0919423114

Ayman Masoud Awn Allah

Talout

[SIGNED]

0919008262

[ILLEGIBLE] Ibrahim Izzain

[ILLEGIBLE]

[SIGNED]

0926716570

[ILLEGIBLE] Al Sha’

Wirshiffana

[SIGNED]

0924209085

Imad Al Sirri Aswar

[ILLEGIBLE]

[SIGNED]

0914121345

[ILLEGIBLE]

Tripoli Reconciliation

[SIGNED]

0925213425

Al Jala’a Muhammad Al Mutasim Al Mizairni

Tripoli Reconciliation

[SIGNED]

0925611818

Miftah Masoud Al Marri

Souk Al Jumaa Dignitaries

Khalifah Muhammad Balwasi

Supreme Reconciliation Council

0912125428

Khalid Khalifah Al Latif

Supreme Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0913707966

Fatthi Muhammad Zanqah Karmouz

Supreme Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0914314899

The Supreme Council for Reconciliation in Greater Tripoli

Meeting:

Meeting to Sign the Reconciliation Agreement between Tripoli and Tarhuna

Date:

25/9/2018

Name

Position

Signature

Phone #

Nur Al Din Abdulrahim Hawran

Head of the Reconciliation Office

[SIGNED]

0913189517

Fuad Sulaiman Abu Diyah

Head of the Reconciliation Office in Tripoli

[SIGNED]

0912157234

Ramadan Ali Zarmouh

Head of the Follow-Up Committee

[SIGNED]

0927612621

Muhammad Kanari Ahmad Mastah

Reconciliation Committee

[SIGNED]

0914046350

Ahmad Ibrahim Al Mahraji

Member of the Supreme Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0925003009

Nur Al Din Saleh Al Bilali

Supreme Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0925452105

Omar Muhamamd Dirbi

Supreme Reconciliation Council

[SIGNED]

0913448576

Bassim Al Batar Rahounah

Member of the Communication Committee

[SIGNED]

0913227037

Masoud Hasan Al Madhajah

Al Rahban

[SIGNED]

0917338785

[ILLEGIBLE] Al Tabbal

Ministry of Interior

[SIGNED]

0925916035

Yusuf Ahmad Badrani

Jado Dignitaries

[SIGNED]

0919804266

[ILLEGIBLE]

Yefren Dignitaries

[SIGNED]

0913917723

[ILLEGIBLE]

[ILLEGIBLE] Dignitaries

[SIGNED]

0913237776

Muhammad Ahmad Al Hamamsi

[ILLEGIBLE] Dignitaries

[SIGNED]

0917120260

Agreement [Ceasefire between Tripoli and Tarhounah]

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement