Declaration of the Senior Commanders on the Modalities for the Implementation of the Agreement for a Lasting Peace Through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities

  • Country/entity
    Ethiopia
    Tigray
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Declaration of the Senior Commanders on the Modalities for the Implementation of the Agreement for a Lasting Peace Through a Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
  • Date
    12 Nov 2022
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Ethiopia: conflict in Tigray (2020-) )
  • Stage
    Ceasefire/related
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Ethiopia: Tigray process
  • Parties
    IN WITNESS WHEREOF the duly authorized representatives of the Parties have signed this Declaration in Nairobi, Kenya on the 12th day of November 2022.

    Feld Marshal Birhanu Jula
    Chief of the General Staff of ENDF

    Lt. General Tadesse Worede
    Commander, Tigray Armed Combatants
  • Third parties
    Witnessed by:

    His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of the Federal Republic of
    Nigeria, and AU High Representative for the Horn of Africa

    His Excellency Uhuru Kenyatta, former President of the Republic of Kenya
    (Panel Member)
  • Description
    Ceasefire agreement which discusses the modalities of the ceasefire including DDR, protecting civilians, monitoring mechanisms, and humanitarian access.


Groups

  • Children/youth
    Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
    Page 4, 3. Protection of Civilians
    3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:
    ...
    d) Ensure the safety and security of vulnerable groups including women and children.
  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender
    Page 4, 3. Protection of Civilians
    3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:
    ...
    d) Ensure the safety and security of vulnerable groups including women and children.
  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
    Page 6, 6. Responsible Use of Media
    6.1. The parties endorse Article 3(2) and Article 12 of the Agreement that media platforms controlled by the respective parties should play a constructive role that would expedite the implementation of this Agreement.
  • Mobility/access
    Page 4, 3. Protection of Civilians
    3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:
    ...
    b) Ensure the smooth movement of civilians.

    Page 4-5, 4. Delivery of humanitarian aid
    4.1. Consistent with Article 5 of the Agreement the Parties agree:
    a) To cooperate and facilitate the delivery of unhindered humanitarian access.
    b) The delivery of humanitarian aid shall be undertaken in accordance with Article 5 of the Agreement.
    c) All humanitarian relief shall go through the inspection and notification of the federal government.
    d) Security guarantee will be provided for humanitarian aid workers and organizations upon their request.
    e) The Parties shall facilitate unhindered movement of humanitarian aid workers.
    f) There shall be only two checkpoints, which would be established one at the entrance from point of loading and/or warehouses and at the entrance of the destination areas.
  • Protection measures
    Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
    Page 4, 3. Protection of Civilians
    3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:
    a) Prohibit attacks against civilians.
    b) Ensure the smooth movement of civilians.
    c) Ensure the safety and security of civilian institutions and infrastructure.
    d) Ensure the safety and security of vulnerable groups including women and children.
    e) Protect civilians against attacks from security forces.
    f) Any violations of Article 4 of the Agreement by any Party shall be met with strong condemnation and punitive action.
  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
    Page 4-5, 4. Delivery of humanitarian aid
    4.1. Consistent with Article 5 of the Agreement the Parties agree:
    a) To cooperate and facilitate the delivery of unhindered humanitarian access.
    b) The delivery of humanitarian aid shall be undertaken in accordance with Article 5 of the Agreement.
    c) All humanitarian relief shall go through the inspection and notification of the federal government.
    d) Security guarantee will be provided for humanitarian aid workers and organizations upon their request.
    e) The Parties shall facilitate unhindered movement of humanitarian aid workers.
    f) There shall be only two checkpoints, which would be established one at the entrance from point of loading and/or warehouses and at the entrance of the destination areas.
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 4-5, 4. Delivery of humanitarian aid
    4.1. Consistent with Article 5 of the Agreement the Parties agree:
    ...
    d) Security guarantee will be provided for humanitarian aid workers and organizations upon their request.
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 2-3, 1. Permanent Cessation of Hostilities
    1.1. Consistent with the Agreement, the parties affirm their commitment to the following:
    a) Halt and disengage from all forms of military engagements.
    b) Ensure all necessary actions are taken to achieve the overall purpose of the implementation of this Agreement.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces
    Page 2, Untitled preamble
    The parties... REAFFIRMING that Ethiopia shall have only one defense force;...

    Page 3, 2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants
    2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:
    ...
    (c) Upon disengagement, the federal authorities shall assume federal responsibilities in accordance with the Constitution for all areas including the resumption of services.

    Page 4, 3. Protection of Civilians
    3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution. In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:
    a) Prohibit attacks against civilians.
    b) Ensure the smooth movement of civilians.
    c) Ensure the safety and security of civilian institutions and infrastructure.
    d) Ensure the safety and security of vulnerable groups including women and children.
    e) Protect civilians against attacks from security forces.
    f) Any violations of Article 4 of the Agreement by any Party shall be met with strong condemnation and punitive action.
  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
    Page 3, 2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants
    2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:
    (a) Orientation by the commanders for their respective forces will take place over a period of seven (7) days starting on the date of the commanders' arrival to the regular position on 15 November 2022.
    (b) After the orientation, disengagement will take place over a period of four (4) days in four disengagement zones.
    (c) Upon disengagement, the federal authorities shall assume federal responsibilities in accordance with the Constitution for all areas including the resumption of services.
    (d) Disarmament of heavy weapons will be done concurrently with the withdrawal of foreign and non-ENDF forces from the region.
    (e) A joint committee shall be established on the date of signing of this Declaration by the two commanders to work out a detailed implementation plan for the disarmament of light weapons and report within a period Of fourteen (14) days with a clear plan for the process and timelines for the disarmament of light weapons. The Committee shall comprise two (2) representatives from the Parties and one (1) representative from the AU Monitoring and Verification Team.
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 3, 2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants
    2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:
    (a) Orientation by the commanders for their respective forces will take place over a period of seven (7) days starting on the date of the commanders' arrival to the regular position on 15 November 2022.
    (b) After the orientation, disengagement will take place over a period of four (4) days in four disengagement zones.
    (c) Upon disengagement, the federal authorities shall assume federal responsibilities in accordance with the Constitution for all areas including the resumption of services.
    (d) Disarmament of heavy weapons will be done concurrently with the withdrawal of foreign and non-ENDF forces from the region.
    (e) A joint committee shall be established on the date of signing of this Declaration by the two commanders to work out a detailed implementation plan for the disarmament of light weapons and report within a period Of fourteen (14) days with a clear plan for the process and timelines for the disarmament of light weapons. The Committee shall comprise two (2) representatives from the Parties and one (1) representative from the AU Monitoring and Verification Team.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces
    Page 3, 2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants
    2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:
    ...
    (d) Disarmament of heavy weapons will be done concurrently with the withdrawal of foreign and non-ENDF forces from the region.
  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory
    Witnessed by:
    His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of the Federal Republic of
    Nigeria, and AU High Representative for the Horn of Africa
    His Excellency Uhuru Kenyatta, former President of the Republic of Kenya
    (Panel Member)
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 3, 2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants
    2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:
    ...
    (e) A joint committee shall be established on the date of signing of this Declaration by the two commanders to work out a detailed implementation plan for the disarmament of light weapons and report within a period Of fourteen (14) days with a clear plan for the process and timelines for the disarmament of light weapons. The Committee shall comprise two (2) representatives from the Parties and one (1) representative from the AU Monitoring and Verification Team.
  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    https://ethiopianembassy.org/we-are-sharing-with-you-the-declaration-of-the-senior-commanders-of-the-government-of-the-federal-democratic-republic-of-ethiopia-and-the-tplf-on-the-modalities-for-the-implementation-of-the-agreeme/

Annex G

DECLARATION OF THE SENIOR COMMANDERS ON THE MODALITIES FOR THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT FOR LASTING PEACE THROUGH A

PERMANENT CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES

BETWEEN

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA (FDRE) AND THE TIGRAY

PEOPLE'S LIBERATION FRONT (TPLF)

12 Nov 2022

Nairobi, Kenya

DECLARATION OF THE SENIOR COMMANDERS ON THE MODALITIES FOR THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AGREEMENT FOR LASTING PEACE THROUGH A

PERMANENT CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES

BETWEEN

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA (FDRE) AND THE TIGRAY

PEOPLE'S LIBERATION FRONT (TPLF)

This declaration of the meeting of the Senior Commanders of the Ethiopian

National Defense Force and Tigray Armed Combatants (hereafter referred to as

Parties) is based on the agreement for lasting peace through a permanent cessation of hostilities signed on 2 November 2022 in Pretoria, South Africa (hereafter referred to as the Agreement).

The parties:

HAVING engaged in extensive discussions on the modalities of orderly and successful implementation of the Agreement;

COMMITTED to the effective implementation of the Agreement;

REAFFIRMING that Ethiopia shall have only one defense force;

NOW THEREFORE AGREE AS FOLLOWS:

1. Permanent Cessation of Hostilities

1.1. Consistent with the Agreement, the parties affirm their commitment to thefollowing:

a) Halt and disengage from all forms of military engagements.

b) Ensure all necessary actions are taken to achieve the overall purpose of the implementation of this Agreement.

2. Disarmament of Tigray Armed Combatants

2.1 In accordance with Article 6 of the Agreement, the following will be the process of this disarmament:

(a) Orientation by the commanders for their respective forces will take place over a period of seven (7) days starting on the date of the commanders' arrival to the regular position on 15 November 2022.

(b) After the orientation, disengagement will take place over a period of four (4) days in four disengagement zones.

(c) Upon disengagement, the federal authorities shall assume federal responsibilities in accordance with the Constitution for all areas including the resumption of services.

(d) Disarmament of heavy weapons will be done concurrently with the withdrawal of foreign and non-ENDF forces from the region.

(e) A joint committee shall be established on the date of signing of this Declaration by the two commanders to work out a detailed implementation plan for the disarmament of light weapons and report within a period Of fourteen (14) days with a clear plan for the process and timelines for the disarmament of light weapons.

The Committee shall comprise two (2) representatives from the Parties and one (1) representative from the AU Monitoring and Verification Team.

3. Protection of Civilians

3.1. In accordance with Article 4 of the agreement, the protection of civilians shall be the responsibility of all federal security and regional security organs in accordance with the Federal Constitution.

In this regard, the protection of civilians shall include all points enumerated under Article 4 of the agreement including:

a) Prohibit attacks against civilians.

b) Ensure the smooth movement of civilians.

c) Ensure the safety and security of civilian institutions and infrastructure.

d) Ensure the safety and security of vulnerable groups including women and children.

e) Protect civilians against attacks from security forces.

f) Any violations of Article 4 of the Agreement by any Party shall be met with strong condemnation and punitive action.

4. Delivery of humanitarian aid

4.1. Consistent with Article 5 of the Agreement the Parties agree:

a) To cooperate and facilitate the delivery of unhindered humanitarian access.

b) The delivery of humanitarian aid shall be undertaken in accordance with Article 5 of the Agreement.

c) All humanitarian relief shall go through the inspection and notification of the federal government.

d) Security guarantee will be provided for humanitarian aid workers andorganizations upon their request.

e) The Parties shall facilitate unhindered movement of humanitarian aid workers.

f) There shall be only two checkpoints, which would be established one at the entrance from point of loading and/or warehouses and at the entrance of the destination areas.

5. Monitoring and verification

5.1. The Parties agree to cooperate with the Monitoring and Verification Team

(MVT), which shall be established by the African Union (AU) through the

High-Level Panel consistent with Article 11 of the agreement.

The profile and Terms of Reference (TOR) of the MVT shall be developed in consultation with the Parties.

5.2. The MVT shall commence its operations ten (10) days from the signing of this Declaration.

5.3. The security guarantee for the MVT shall be provided by ENDF upon their request.

6. Responsible Use of Media

6.1. The parties endorse Article 3(2) and Article 12 of the Agreement that media platforms controlled by the respective parties should play a constructive role that would expedite the implementation of this Agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the duly authorized representatives of the Parties have signed this Declaration in Nairobi, Kenya on the 12th day of November 2022.

Feld Marshal Birhanu Jula

Chief of the General Staff of ENDF

Lt. General Tadesse Worede

Commander, Tigray Armed Combatants

Witnessed by:

His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo, former President of the Federal Republic of

Nigeria, and AU High Representative for the Horn of Africa

His Excellency Uhuru Kenyatta, former President of the Republic of Kenya

(Panel Member)