Resolutions (Lou Peace and Reconciliation Conference)

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Country/entity: South Sudan
Region: Africa (excl MENA)
Agreement name: Resolutions (Lou Peace and Reconciliation Conference)
Date: 11 Jul 2005
Agreement status: Multiparty signed/agreed
Interim arrangement: Yes
Agreement/conflict level: Intrastate/local conflict
Sudan Conflicts (1955 - )
Agreements relate to several distinct dyads, and also the negotiated independence of South Sudan, and subsequent internal conflict in South Sudan. Sudan-South Sudan. The long-standing conflict between the north and the south of the country dates back to colonial times, where the British introduced a so-called ‘Southern Policy’, severely hampering population movements between these big regions. Immediately after gaining independence in 1956, southern movements started to fight for independence; this fight became professionalised in 1983 with the foundation of the soon internationally supported Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). When the Islamic Front government introduced strict sharia laws in the south after it took over power in 1988 the war intensified. A decade later, the military situation reached a stalemate, enabling internationally facilitated peace negotiations to begin in 1997. After more fighting, a final negotiation push began in 2002, leading to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Areement (CPA) in January 2005.

Sudan-South Sudan post referendum. South Sudan became independent in July 2011; since then, relations between the two countries are complicated and violent conflict led by the SPLM (North) in the Sudanese Nuba mountains region has since intensified.

Darfur. Other long-standing violent conflicts are in the east and the west of the country. In the east, the Beja Congress, established in 1957, is the spearhead of a currently ‘peaceful’ opposition movement. In the west, the violent conflict in Darfur intensified in the early 2000s and rapidly gained international attention, even resulting in genocide charges against leading figures of the Sudanese government. The situation on the ground is complex, with over a dozen organisations (most notably the Sudanese Liberation Movement and the Justice and Equality Movement) fighting the Sudanese government and allied groups like the Janjaweed – although all parties have switched sides on numerous occasions. Several mediation attempts have not been successful, due to the shaky commitment of the Sudanese central government and the distrust among the armed opposition.

South Sudan - internal
In December 2013, after president Salva Kiir accused opposition leader Riek Machar of attempting a coup, violent conflict broke out between government forces of the SPLM/A and anti-governmental groups. In addition, several other political militias as well as communal militias have joined the conflict. In 2015 the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in South Sudan (ARCSS) was signed. Due to unsuccessful implementation the agreement was revitalized in 2018. In September 2019, Kiir and Machar agreed to establish a power-sharing government after struggles on forming a unity transitional government.
Stage: Framework/substantive - partial
Conflict nature: Inter-group
Peace process: South Sudan: Pre-secession Local Peace Processes
Parties: List of Participants

Nyirol County Delegates

L Cdr. Tut Pal Luak
A/Cdr. James Ruoy Wuor
Major Mayang Gattuak Lon"
Major Duoth Kun Deng
Capt. Bul Gang Lual
Capt. Magwen Kulang
Capt. John Deng Pawel

Akobo County Delegates

Gordon Nyoat Rut, Assistant CommissionerCdr. David Bidit Deng
Cdr. David Rial Mat
Cdr. James Tat Pal
A/Cdr. Moses Chat Chol,
Capt. Biel Gang Lual
Capt. James Mathiang Choi
Rev. Paul Bol Rue
Rev. John Both Reath
Mrs. Mary Nyakang Chol
Rev. Peter 'Tut Pur
Mr. Thomas Kot Keat
Rev. Thomas Tut Chuidok
Rev. lames Dol Kuck
Mrs. Sarah Nyanyak Wal
Mr. Nyak Pal Deang
Rev. Abraham Tuach Kier
Mr. David Doyak Nhial
Mrs. Nyaruon Kuich Thajiath
Mr. Hoth Chan
Mr. Yien Chol
Mr. Choi Odier
Chief Deng Chai Rik
Mr. Malual Sony Kot
Mr. Malual Jock Yok
Mr. David Gai Deang
Mr. Odier Obuyo
Mr. Gator Ruot link
Head Chief Yien Chuol Gokgok
Mr. Chuol Baron Galuak
Mr. Madalad Jock Deana
Mr. Riek KaBech Tap
Mr. Mat Chot Koiyom
Mr. Mayiel Wal Dow
Mrs. Nyawech Kuon Gokgok
Mrs. Nyanouaga Luak Nyuon
Mrs. Nyanyal Dolah Luak
Mrs. Nyalual Leak
Mrs. Rebeca Nyanak Wet

Uror County Deleuates

Gatluak Reath Kuic, SPLM County Secretary
Cdr. Ruac Mayian, SSDF, County Executive Director
Cdr. Joseph Bilieu Jal
Cdr. Simon Luk Tern
Kant Chuol Kaam
Cdr. Malith Galuak Koak
Cdr. Biel Bitech Knoth, SSDF, Zonal Commander
Buk Mahal Muni, Women Association
Cdr. Thou Padiet Tut
Loop Pathoat, P.S.
Nyakuic Minybout, Women Association
Koang Hoth Lena, Payarn Administrator
Real Gatluak Muot, Payam Administrator
Tut Babuony Kier
Biel Liah fang
Poul Liep Liah
Gatluak Koang Juno, Police
Dak Mahar Nguanjok
Kur Gai Tiem, Education Coordinator
Deng Manguak Padoc, Education Assistant
James Ruac Kuek, Veterinary Dept.
Yien Nyuon Kuony, Trader
Gatw. Reath Yoom, Trader
Maluit Chuol Sony, SRRC Secretary
Dieu Bil Wall], Police
Kuanen Deng Dieth, Health Dept.
Chol Lok Gai, Women Association
Nyalang Puoc Hok, Women Association
Lony Nyang Weer, SRRC Supervisor
Pajock Nyuot Weer, Health Dept.
booth Knots Thoat
Luot Thor Chaalcum, Dna. County Hdqs.
Isaac Ruot Lam Both, Head Chief (HC)
Koon Chot bud Chaan, HC
Jany Luak Chol, HC
Gatluak Thou Kuony, Paramount Chief (PC)
Dak Chuol Mout, HC
Pool Chuor Luot, HC
Paint Pout Kuil, HC
Chuol Riek Kalaog, HC
Reath Wen Thijock, Executive
Rink Them Pur, Executive Chief (EC)
Koang Young, EC
Biel Thor Kaiya, EC
Rick Mama Lom, EC
Maluth Dar Pm, Sub-Chief (SC)
Mayoui Peat Pouk, HC
Kook Weel Lok, EC
lice Gadet Tut, EC
Bol Thiliep Thou, SC
Tot Reath Geek, SC
Bol Reath Del Chol, SC
Kuony Tut halt, HC

Nairobi Delegates

Cdr. Gabriel Yoal Dok
Cdr. David Rial Mut Turial
Cdr. William Kul Chol
Samuel Puol Choi
Nyakuoth Pouts Deng
Thay Nyang
Both Mayain
Mary Nyakang Chol
Kuol Both Paldeng
James Biel Nguanar
Robin Pat
Rachel Nyatoul Nguth
Rebecca Nyanyak Wal
Nyakuoth Pouts Laam
Nyanyalc Mar Nyuot
Nyajouk Pouts
Rev. Paul Bol Kuel
Rev. John Gatwec
Rev. James Ynot Clod
Rev. James Lam Tot
Rev. Thomas Kot Keet
Rev. Peter Kai Nyuon
Rev. Tut Chuandok
Stephen Lam Changath
James Duol Kuek
Peter Malcuei Yoal
David Keel Wechuak
Samuel Hang Duop
Peter Gatkuoth Ler
Joseph Ruot Reath
Deng Puok Deng
Peter Gatwec Both

Newly Elected Members of Lou-Nuer Peace Council

Mr. Koang Puok Diu
MR. Ker Puok
Cdr. Joseph Doyak Chol
Paramount Chief Gatluak Thou
Cdr. Gatluak Reath
Dak Chuol Murt
Mr. Luk Jany Luak
Mrs. Nyanyak Mar
Mts. Nyibol Dang
Mr. Cony Bil Wang
Mr. Khor Reath Dung
Mrs. Nyakang Chol
Cdr. John Luk Soak
Cdr. Dhurl Rambang Loath
Rev. John Jok Chol Khartoum
Mr. Deng Bit Kuac
Rev. David Kuet Wiclunk
Mr. John Luk Deng
Cdr. John Jok GaiKuong
Mr. Stephen Most Malual
Mr. Peter Tatkuoth Mop
Bp. James Yuot Chat
Mr. Peter Gatkek Tut
Mr. David Riat Manyang
Mrs. Mary Nyawan Biliu
Mr. John Thowalh Kuong
Rev. Gatkuoth Chol Bol-Khartoum
Mr. Tbu Koda Wal-Khartoum
MR. Lony Thikiot Ngundeng-Khartoum
Third parties: -
Description: A dialogue conference between multiple ethnic communities across Jonglei state and the Upper nile region. The agreement involves various sets of resolutions from each of the inter-community and intra-clan dialogues aimed at ending clan violence, with a final set of overall recommendations. Substantively the agreement addresses water access and grazing areas, calling for the guarantee of these pastoralist oriented allowances across all contested areas of the upper nile region and Jonglei state. It also calls on Government and other political and military factions such as SPLA to ensure internal borders are secure and safe for people's free movement. Each of the community dialogues also recognises the overall need for disarming among communities, particularly community level militias and call for the restoration of traditional leaders and chiefs' authority as part of local governance.

Agreement document: SS_050711_Resolutions (Luo Peace and Reconciliation Conference).pdf (opens in new tab) | Download PDF

Groups

Children/youth: Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
5. The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Murle.
6. The return of close to 500 persons taken by prophet Gai Manyuon, promising them a 'Promised Land,' should be effected as soon as possible due to their suffering.'

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
...
6. Educational opportunities should be opened for young people so that they are not idle.

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
31. The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Mule (GOSS, PACT, NPC)
Disabled persons: No specific mention.
Elderly/age: No specific mention.
Migrant workers: No specific mention.
Racial/ethnic/national group: Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Substantive
Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
7. We agree to stand firm in support Lou community welfare.

Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.3 Resolutions on Lou vs. Dinka Ngok
...
2. The GOSS must demarcate the Lou / Dinka Bor border and encourage relocation accordingly.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
1. Government of the South must and demarcate borders of the Lou.
2. The Lou/Nuer to return to their borders.

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
2. The Lou should be enabled to return to the border point at Pibor.(GOSS)
3. Jonglei government should not engage itself in tribal conflicts. (Jonglei State/GOSS )

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
5. A peace conference in Pajut for all Upper Nile under DOSS--this should be held by October before migrations to toch begins. (PACT )
...
14. A peace conference between Dinka Ngok and the Lou is needed. (PACT, NPC)

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
17. The Ngok should provide the Lou with an outlet to water and grazing. (VVunlit PC, PACT, NPC, Jonglei State, Unity & tipper Nile States )
18. The GOSS must demarcate the Lou / Dinka Bor border and encourage relocation accordingly.
...
20. The Lou must be provided with access to water and grazing areas. (States, GOSS)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
33. A canal could be dug to bring water to the Lou. (GOS, GOSS)
Religious groups: No specific mention.
Indigenous people: No specific mention.
Other groups: No specific mention.
Refugees/displaced persons: Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
6. The return of close to 500 persons taken by prophet Gai Manyuon, promising them a 'Promised Land,' should be effected as soon as possible due to their suffering.'
Social class: No specific mention.

Gender

Women, girls and gender: Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
8. No marriage without dowry

Page 8, F.Annexes: Uror County Delegates,
...
8. Buk Mahal Muni, Women Association
...
11. Nyakuic Minybout, Women Association
...
27. Chol Lok Gai, Women Association
28. Nyalang Puoc Hok, Women Association
Men and boys: No specific mention.
LGBTI: No specific mention.
Family: Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
8. No marriage without dowry

State definition

Nature of state (general): No specific mention.
State configuration: No specific mention.
Self determination: No specific mention.
Referendum: No specific mention.
State symbols: No specific mention.
Independence/secession: No specific mention.
Accession/unification: No specific mention.
Border delimitation: No specific mention.
Cross-border provision: No specific mention.

Governance

Political institutions (new or reformed): No specific mention.
Elections: No specific mention.
Electoral commission: No specific mention.
Political parties reform: No specific mention.
Civil society: No specific mention.
Traditional/religious leaders: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.1.Resolutions Arising from the "Genesis of the Lou Conflict"
1. Lou leaders should be reconciled themselves
...
5. The White Army should be disarmed and powers of Lou Chiefs restored.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
5. The leaders of Lou/Jikany to resolve problems and decide to live in harmony. To solve political motivation in murder and looting of Community property.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
1. Chiefs should have more authority for settling disputes
2. Chiefs should take a more active role in solving these conflicts.

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
9. Government should require all church personnel to join the SPLA or pay cattle as a fine (Jonglei state is shared with with Dinka Bor to the disadvantage of the Lou (Jonglel State! GOSS)
...
13. Lou leaders should attend the meetings in Lou area or Akobo. If this is not possible they can mobilize resources and take us where they want to meet, either in Khartoum or Nairobi, but we need a meeting with them! (Lou Leaders I Politicians)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
26. All concerned should preach peace. (Community Leaders)
Public administration: Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
...
5. All administrative authorities / officials should preach peace in all their daily activities.
Constitution: No specific mention.

Power sharing

Political power sharing: No specific mention.
Territorial power sharing: No specific mention.
Economic power sharing: No specific mention.
Military power sharing: No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

Human rights/RoL general: Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
8. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
7. Put security forces in these areas to restore law and order.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
...
5. GOSS and local authority should take charge and maintain law/ order.
6. There are three outposts along the Gawaari Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
8. Law and order, peace and security by GOSS

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
15. Police and Soldiers will need to be deployed to maintain law and order.(States / GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
23. Government Police and soldiers must be deployed to maintain law and order to protect civilians. (GOSS )
...
25. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order. (GOSS, States)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
35. GOSS and local authority should take charge and maintain law/ order.
36. Them are three outposts along the Gawaar/ Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order. (GOSS, States)
Bill of rights/similar: No specific mention.
Treaty incorporation: No specific mention.
Civil and political rights: Human rights and equality→Civil and political rights→Freedom of association
Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
3. The CPA should guarantee freedom of choice to join SPLM GOS.
Socio-economic rights: No specific mention.

Rights related issues

Citizenship: No specific mention.
Democracy: No specific mention.
Detention procedures: No specific mention.
Media and communication: No specific mention.
Mobility/access: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
6. We hereby resolve to halt hostilities against each other, ensure free movement, and build confidence among ourselves.

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
4. Guarantee safe and free movement to and from toch.(States & GOSS)
Protection measures: Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
9. Government act to protect civilians and disarm everyone.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
...
4. GOS should now be providing protection for civilians'

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
2. Protection of civilians by the Government of Sudan

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
23. Government Police and soldiers must be deployed to maintain law and order to protect civilians. (GOSS )

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
34. GOS should now be providing protection for civilians.
Other: No specific mention.

Rights institutions

NHRI: No specific mention.
Regional or international human rights institutions: No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

Criminal justice and emergency law: No specific mention.
State of emergency provisions: No specific mention.
Judiciary and courts: No specific mention.
Prisons and detention: No specific mention.
Traditional Laws: No specific mention.

Socio-economic reconstruction

Development or socio-economic reconstruction: Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
...
6. Educational opportunities should be opened for young people so that they are not idle.
7. Creation of jobs and other development activities will keep people busy.
Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
11. Government should establish a path/canal to loch and watering points

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
1. Establish more water points

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
27. Government should establish a path/canal to toch and watering points (GOS, GOSS)
National economic plan: No specific mention.
Natural resources: No specific mention.
International funds: No specific mention.
Business: No specific mention.
Taxation: No specific mention.
Banks: No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

Land reform/rights: Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
4. Some grazing land (toch) must be allocated for Lou use.
Pastoralist/nomadism rights: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.3 Resolutions on Lou vs. Dinka Ngok
...
4. The Lou stand willing to should graze their herds in the toch in harmony with their neighbours.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
4. Some grazing land (toch) must be allocated for Lou use.
...
6. Lou/Neighbours should graze in toch in harmony

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
1. GOS should establish/guarantee a path to toch / We need a passage to toch

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
3. Sharing grazing land in harmony

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
5. A peace conference in Pajut for all Upper Nile under DOSS--this should be held by October before migrations to toch begins. (PACT )

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
17. The Ngok should provide the Lou with an outlet to water and grazing. (VVunlit PC, PACT, NPC, Jonglei State, Unity & tipper Nile States )
18. The GOSS must demarcate the Lou / Dinka Bor border and encourage relocation accordingly.
...
20. The Lou must be provided with access to water and grazing areas. (States, GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
27. Government should establish a path/canal to toch and watering points (GOS, GOSS)
Cultural heritage: No specific mention.
Environment: No specific mention.
Water or riparian rights or access: Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
11. Government should establish a path/canal to loch and watering points

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
1. GOS should establish/guarantee a path to toch / We need a passage to toch
2. A canal could be dug to bring water to the Lou.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
...
7. We need to be shown a method to harvest rain water
8. Water that has been blockaded (dammed?) at Panpi and Yonne should be open

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
1. Establish more water points
...
4. Sharing water resources

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
17. The Ngok should provide the Lou with an outlet to water and grazing. (VVunlit PC, PACT, NPC, Jonglei State, Unity & tipper Nile States)
...
20. The Lou must be provided with access to water and grazing areas. (States, GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
27. Government should establish a path/canal to toch and watering points (GOS, GOSS)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
33. A canal could be dug to bring water to the Lou. (GOS, GOSS)
...
37. We need to be shown a method to harvest rain water (PACT, NPC, NG0s)
38. Water that has been blockaded (dammed?) at Panpi and Yarncel should be open (GOSS)

Security sector

Security Guarantees: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
2. The Six protocols of the CPA should be used to guarantee security.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
8. Law and order, peace and security by GOSS

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
21. The SPLM/A must take immediate security action as many have been dishonoured. (GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
29. Government security forces should he established at Bien, Dub Marrow , Wickol and Biel Deng (GOSS, States)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
36. Them are three outposts along the Gawaar/ Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order. (GOSS, States)
Ceasefire: Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
6.We hereby resolve to halt hostilities against each other, ensure free movement, and build confidence among ourselves.
Police: Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
8. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
7. There should be border police (States & GOSS)

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
15. Police and Soldiers will need to be deployed to maintain law and order.(States / GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
23. Government Police and soldiers must be deployed to maintain law and order to protect civilians. (GOSS )
...
25. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order. (GOSS, States)
Armed forces: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.1.Resolutions Arising from the "Genesis of the Lou Conflict"
...
3. Lou community should demand of GOS sufficient forces for law and order.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
8. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
3. Government security forces should be established at Biem, Duk Manreng, Pading, Wickol and Biel Deng.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
7. Put security forces in these areas to restore law and order.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
...
6. There are three outposts along the Gawaari Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.6. Resolutions: Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict
...
9. Place forces in Luor Bieldong

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
10. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to join the army

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
15. Police and Soldiers will need to be deployed to maintain law and order.(States / GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
23. Government Police and soldiers must be deployed to maintain law and order to protect civilians. (GOSS )
...
25. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order. (GOSS, States)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
36. Them are three outposts along the Gawaar/ Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order. (GOSS, States)
...
39. Place forces in Luor Bieldong (GOSS, States)
...
42. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to return to barracks. (GOSS, States)
43. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army (GOSS, States).
DDR: Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.1.Resolutions Arising from the "Genesis of the Lou Conflict"
...
4. Soldiers who deserted the movement should be recalled
5. The White Army should be disarmed and powers of Lou Chiefs restored.
6. Disarmament should be comprehensive as neighbours are also armed.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
9. Government act to protect civilians and disarm everyone.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
8. Consider disarming the Murle

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
7. Disarm the white army

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
...
3. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army.

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
32. Consider disarming the Murle (GOSS, Jonglei State )

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
40. Disarm the white army (GOSS, States).
...
42. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to return to barracks. (GOSS, States)
43. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army (GOSS, States).
Intelligence services: No specific mention.
Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.1.Resolutions Arising from the "Genesis of the Lou Conflict"
...
4. Soldiers who deserted the movement should be recalled
5. The White Army should be disarmed and powers of Lou Chiefs restored.

Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
...
4. Forces of South Sudan (New Sudan) should be treated as one army .
5. All the forces of the SPDF, SPLM and SSLM should support the CPA.

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.4. Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts
...
7. SPLM/A must take immediate action as there have been many meetings of those conflicts with no remedy.

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
10. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to join the army

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.8. Resolutions on Clan Fighting
...
3. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army.

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
9. Government should require all church personnel to join the SPLA or pay cattle as a fine (Jonglei state is shared with with Dinka Bor to the disadvantage of the Lou (Jonglei State! GOSS)

Page 4, E12: Recommendations,
...
21. The SPLM/A must take immediate security action as many have been dishonoured. (GOSS)

Page 5, E12: Recommendations,
...
24. SPLM/A must take immediate action as there have been many meetings of those conflicts with no remedy. (GOSS, States)

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
40. Disarm the white army (GOSS, States).
...
43. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army (GOSS, States).
44. Government should organize a peace conference focusing on the White Army. (GOSS/PACT/NPC) The Lou logically reason that the CPA's biggest dividend should be law and order.
Withdrawal of foreign forces: No specific mention.
Corruption: No specific mention.
Crime/organised crime: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.3 Resolutions on Lou vs. Dinka Ngok
1.The murders of Lou traders by the Ngok should be resolved

Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
5. The leaders of Lou/Jikany to resolve problems and decide to live in harmony. To solve political motivation in murder and looting of Community property.
Drugs: No specific mention.
Terrorism: No specific mention.

Transitional justice

Transitional justice general: Page 3, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.7. Resolutions: Lou vs. Jikany Conflict
...
5. The leaders of Lou/Jikany to resolve problems and decide to live in harmony. To solve political motivation in murder and looting of Community property.
Amnesty/pardon: No specific mention.
Courts: No specific mention.
Mechanism: No specific mention.
Prisoner release: No specific mention.
Vetting: No specific mention.
Victims: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.3 Resolutions on Lou vs. Dinka Ngok
1.The murders of Lou traders by the Ngok should be resolved

Page 2, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.5. Resolutions on Lou vs. Marie Conflict
...
5. The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Murle.
6. The return of close to 500 persons taken by prophet Gai Manyuon, promising them a 'Promised Land,' should be effected as soon as possible due to their suffering.'

Page 5, E.12: Recommendations,
...
31. The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Mule (GOSS, PACT, NPC)
Missing persons: No specific mention.
Reparations: No specific mention.
Reconciliation: Page 1, E.11: Resolutions, E.11.2. Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist
1. The Lou community resolves to come and stay together regardless of any difference

Implementation

UN signatory: No specific mention.
Other international signatory: No specific mention.
Referendum for agreement: No specific mention.
International mission/force/similar: No specific mention.
Enforcement mechanism: No specific mention.
Related cases: No specific mention.
Source: https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/report/55462/sudan-local-militias-causing-havoc-south-cpmt

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 53

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

E.11.

Resolutions

E.11.1.Resolutions Arising from the "Genesis of the Lou Conflict"

Lou leaders should be reconciled themselves

Lou shall forgive one another and reunite as a family.

Lau community should demand of GOS sufficient forces for law and order.

Soldiers who deserted the movement should be recalled.

The White Army should be disarmed and powers of Lou Chiefs restored.

Disarmament should be comprehensive as neighbors are also armed.

E.11.2.

Resolutions arising from decision of the three factions to co-exist

The Lou community resolves to come and stay together regardless of any difference.

The Six protocols of the CPA should be used to guarantee security.

The CPA should guarantee freedom of choice to join SPLM GOS.

Forces of South Sudan (New Sudan) should be treated as one army.

All the forces of the SPDF, SPLM and SSLM should support the CPA.

We hereby resolve to halt hostilities against each other, ensure free movement, and build confidence among ourselves.

We agree to stand firm in support Lou community welfare.

E.I1.3.

Resolutions on Lou vs. Dinka Ngok

The murders of Lau traders by the Ngok should be resolved

The GOSS must demarcate the Lou / Dinka Bor border and encourage relocation accordingly.

The Lou request a special conference in Waat [by August] for the whole of Upper Nile to discuss these problems with neighbours.

/Venue can be discussed].

The Lou stand willing to should graze their herds in the Loch in harmony with their neighbours.

*[A committee to arrange for this meeting is already in place and it has already met the leaders of SPLM/A].

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005.

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 54

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

E.11.4.Resolutions based on Lou vs. Neighbours Conflicts

Government of the South must and demarcate borders of the Lou.

The Lou/Nuer to return to their borders.

Government must withdraw itself from supporting any side of the conflict.

Some grazing land (toch) must be allocated for Lou use.

Nuer/Lou needs a special conference for the whale of Upper Nile to discuss the problems with neighbours;

meeting to be in WAAT and could be in October.

Lou/Neighbours should graze in Loch in harmony

SPLM/A must take immediate action as there have been many meetings of those conflicts with no remedy.

Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order

Government act to protect civilians and disarm everyone.

All concerned must preach peace

Government should establish a path/canal to loch and watering points

Committee for peace meeting already in place and they have already met leaders of SPLM/A and GOS.

E.11.5.

Resolutions on

Lou vs. Marie Conflict

The two communities (Lou / Murle) should meet to discuss issues [January 2006].

Such a meeting should take place in a Lou location such as Nyandit.

Goverment security forces should be established at Biem, Duk Manreng , Pading, Wickol and Biel Deng.

A Lou/Murle peace committee should he set up.

The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Marie.

The return of close to 500 persons taken by prophet Gai Manyuon, promising them a 'Promised Land,' should be effected as soon as possible due to their suffering.'

Put security forces in these areas to restore law and order.

Consider disarming the Marie

E.11.6.

Resolutions:

Lou vs. Gawaar Conflict

GOS should establish I guarantee a path to tech / We need a passage to tech

A canal could be dug to bring water to the Lou.

The CPA (North / South peace) should translate into an all-encompassing peace.

Prophet Manyuon was killed;

PACT (K) has also been trying to facilitate the return of these people.

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebir Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005.

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 55

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

GOS should now be providing protection for civilians'

GOSS and local authority should take charge and maintain law/ order.

There are three outposts along the Gawaari Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order.

We need to be shown a method to harvest rain water

Water that has been blockaded (dammed?)

at Panpi and Yonne] should be open

Place forces in Luor Bieldong

Kill the Merle people and leave them to rot"

E.11.7.

Resolutions:

Lou vs. Jikany Conflict

1. Establish more water points

2. Protection of civilians by the Government of Sudan

3. Sharing grazing land in harmony

4. Sharing water resources.

5. The leaders of Lou/Jikany to resolve problems and decide to live in harmony.

To solve political motivation in murder and looting of Community property.

6. Call a conference by the two communitle

7. Disarm the white army.

8. Law and order, peace and security by GOSS.

9. Meeting between Monty and Laos.

10. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to join the army

E.11.8.

Resolutions on Clan Fighting

1. Chiefs should have more authority for settling disputes.

2. Chiefs should take a more active role in solving these conflicts.

3. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army.

4. Government should organize a peace conference focusing on the White Army.

5. All administrative authorities / officials should preach peace in all their daily activities.

6. Educational opportunities should be opened for young people so that they are not idle.

7. Creation of jobs and other development activities will keep people busy.

The Lau logically reason that the CPA's biggest dividend should be law and order.

This proposal was made by a very upset participant but was jeered!

It is included here for purposes of transparency and accuracy only.

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005.

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 56

Yuai, Bieh State, July6-11, 2005

E.12.

Recommendations

The body to which a recommendation is directed is emboldened!

There should be dialogue facilitated by the GOSS.

The Lou should be enabled to return to the border point at Pibor.(GOSS)

Jonglei government should not engage itself in tribal conflicts. (

Jonglei State/GOSS)

Guarantee safe and free movement to and from toch.(States & GOSS)

A peace conference in Put for all Upper Nile under DOSS--this should be held by October before migrations to tech begins. (

PACT)

GOSS should take irranediate action and not allow resolutions to stand unimplemented.

There should be bonder police (States & GOSS)

No marriage without dowry (Chiefs)

Government should require all church personnel to join the SPLA or pay cattle as a fine (Jonglei state is shared with with Dinka Bor to the disadvantage of the Lou (Jonglel State!

GOSS)

Jangle' capital was supposed to be in Fangak but the Nuer have never benefited from that project. (

Jongle1 State)

This meeting misses the participation of the Jikany, the Dinkas and the Gawaarand this is upsetting. (

PACT, NPC, LINVVVVA)

The Lou community recommends a meeting in Akobo in December. (

PACT, NPC)

Lou leaders should attend the meetings in Lou area or Akobo.

If this is not possible they can mobilize resources and take us where they want to meet, either in Khartoum or Nairobi, but we need a meeting with them! (

Lou Leaders I Politicians)

A peace conference between Dinka Ngok and the Lou is need. (

PACT, NPC)

Police and Soldiers will need to be deployed to maintain law and order.(States / GOSS)

The Government of Southern Sudan should take the lead to bring peace between the two communities. (

GOSS)

The Ngok should provide the Lou with an outlet to water and grazing. (

VVunlit PC, PACT, NPC, Jonglei State, Unity & tipper Nile States)

The GOSS must demarcate the Lou / Dinka Bor border and encourage relocation accordingly.

Government must remain impartiality in dealing with conflicts (GOSS)

The Lou must be provided with access to water and grazing areas. (

States, GOSS)

The SPLMIA must take immediate security action as many have been dishonoured. (

GOSS)

Meetings on unresolved conflicts should be held. (

PACT, NPC)

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Orbit Loladji, PhD

August 29, 2005,

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 57

Yuai, Bich State, July 6-11, 2005

23. Government Police and soldiers must be deployed to maintain law and order to protect civilians. (

GOSS)

24. SPLM/A must take immediate action as there have been many meetings of those conflicts with no remedy. (

GOSS, States)

25. Police/soldiers must be in place to maintain law/order. (

GOSS, States)

26. All concerned should preach peace. (

Community Leaders)

27. Government should establish a path/canal to tech and watering points (GOS, GOSS)

28. The two communities (Lou / Murle) should meet to discuss issues [January 2006]. (

PACT, NPC)

29. Goverment security forces should he established at Bien, Dub Marrow , Wickol and Biel Deng (GOSS, States)

30. A Lou/Murle peace conunittee should be set up. (

PACT, NPC)

31. The government or an authorized agency should facilitate the return of Lou children taken by the Mule (GOSS, PACT, NPC)

32. Consider disarming the Murle (GOSS, Jonglei State)

33. A canal could be dug to bring water to the Lou. (

GOS, GOSS)

34. GOS should now be providing protection for civilians.

35. GOSS and local authority should take charge and maintain law/ order.

36. Them are three outposts along the Gawaar/ Lou border and security forces should be established there to maintain law / order. (

GOSS, States)

37. We need to be shown a method to harvest rain water (PACT, NPC, NG0s)

38. Water that has been blockaded (dammed?)

at Panpi and Yarncel should be open (GOSS)

39. Place forces in Luor Bieldong (GOSS, States)

40. Disarm the white army (GOSS, States).

41. Meeting between Jikamy and Lou (PACT, NPC)

42. Government of SS should collect all soldiers (Lou/Jikany) to return to barracks. (

GOSS, States)

43. GOS must do something about the proliferation of guns and disarm the White Army (GOSS, States).

44. Government should organize a peace conference focusing on the White Army. (

GOSS/PACT/NPC) 3' The Lou logically reason that the CPA's biggest dividend should be law and order.

The Lou logically reason that the CPA's biggest dividend should be law and order.

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005,

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 58

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

F. ANNEXES

F.1.

List of Participants

F.I.A. Nyirol County Delegates

L Cdr.

Tut Pal Luak

A/Cdr.

James Ruoy Wuor

Major Mayang Gattuak Lon"

Major Duoth Kan Deng

Capt.

Bul Gang Lual

Capt.

Magwen Kulang

Capt.

John Deng Pawel

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005,

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 59

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

F.LB.

Akobo County Delegates

Gordon Nyoat Rut, Assistant CommissionerCdr.

David Bidit Deng

Cdr. David Rial Mat

Cdr. James Tat Pal

A/Cdr.

Moses Chat Chol,

Capt.

Biel Gang Lual

Capt.

James Mathiang Choi

Rev. Paul Bol Rue

Rev. John Both Reath

Mrs. Mary Nyakang Chol

Rev. Peter 'Tut Pur

Mr. Thomas Kot Keat

Rev. Thomas Tut Chuidok

Rev. lames Dol Kuck

Mrs. Sarah Nyanyak Wal

Mr. Nyak Pal Deang

Rev. Abraham Tuach Kier

Mr. David Doyak Nhial

Mrs. Nyaruon Kuich Thajiath

Mr. Hoth Chan

Mr. Yien Chol

Mr. Choi Odier

Chief Deng Chai Rik

Mr. Malual Sony Kot

Mr. Malual Jock Yok

Mr. David Gai Deang

Mr. Odier Obuyo

Mr. Gator Ruot link

Head Chief Yien Chuol Gokgok

Mr. Chuol Baron Galuak

Mr. Madalad Jock Deana

Mr. Riek KaBech Tap

Mr. Mat Chot Koiyom

Mr. Mayiel Wal Dow

Mrs. Nyawech Kuon Gokgok

Mrs. Nyanouaga Luak Nyuon

Mrs. Nyanyal Dolah Luak

Mrs. Nyalual Leak

Mrs. Rebeca Nyanak Wet

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit lokuji, PhD

Auga t 29, 2005.

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 60

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

Uror County Deleuates

Gatluak Reath Kuic, SPLM County Secretary

Cdr. Ruac Mayian, SSDF, County Executive Director

Cdr. Joseph Bilieu Jal

Cdr. Simon Luk Tern

Kant Chuol Kaam

Cdr. Malith Galuak Koak

Cdr. Biel Bitech Knoth, SSDF, Zonal Commander

Buk Mahal Muni, Women Association

Cdr. Thou Padiet Tut

Loop Pathoat, P.S.

Nyakuic Minybout, Women Association

Koang Hoth Lena, Payarn Administrator

Real Gatluak Muot, Payam Administrator

Tut Babuony Kier

Biel Liah fang

Poul Liep Liah

Gatluak Koang Juno, Police

Dak Mahar Nguanjok

Kur Gai Tiem, Education Coordinator

Deng Manguak Padoc, Education Assistant

James Ruac Kuek, Veterinary Dept.

Yien Nyuon Kuony, Trader

Gatw.

Reath Yoom, Trader

Maluit Chuol Sony, SRRC Secretary

Dieu Bil Wall], Police

Kuanen Deng Dieth, Health Dept.

Chol Lok Gai, Women Association

Nyalang Puoc Hok, Women Association

Lony Nyang Weer, SRRC Supervisor

Pajock Nyuot Weer, Health Dept.

booth Knots Thoat

Luot Thor Chaalcum, Dna.

County Hdqs.

Isaac Ruot Lam Both, Head Chief (HC)

Koon Chot bud Chaan, HC

Jany Luak Chol, HC

Gatluak Thou Kuony, Paramount Chief (PC)

Dak Chuol Mout, HC

Pool Chuor Luot, HC

Paint Pout Kuil, HC

Chuol Riek Kalaog, HC

Reath Wen Thijock, Executive

Rink Them Pur, Executive Chief (EC)

Koang Young, EC

Biel Thor Kaiya, EC

Rick Mama Lom, EC

Maluth Dar Pm, Sub-Chief (SC)

Mayoui Peat Pouk, HC

Kook Weel Lok, EC

lice Gadet Tut, EC

Bol Thiliep Thou, SC

Tot Reath Geek, SC

Bol Reath Del Chol, SC

Kuony Tut halt, HC

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005,

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 61

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

F.I.D. Nairobi Delegates

Cdr. Gabriel Yoal Dok

Cdr. David Rial Mut Turial

Cdr. William Kul Chol

Samuel Puol Choi

Nyakuoth Pouts Deng

Thay Nyang

Both Mayain

Mary Nyakang Chol

Kuol Both Paldeng

James Biel Nguanar

Robin Pat

Rachel Nyatoul Nguth

Rebecca Nyanyak Wal

Nyakuoth Pouts Laam

Nyanyalc Mar Nyuot

Nyajouk Pouts

Rev. Paul Bol Kuel

Rev. John Gatwec

Rev. James Ynot Clod

Rev. James Lam Tot

Rev. Thomas Kot Keet

Rev. Peter Kai Nyuon

Rev. Tut Chuandok

Stephen Lam Changath

James Duol Kuek

Peter Malcuei Yoal

David Keel Wechuak

Samuel Hang Duop

Peter Gatkuoth Ler

Joseph Ruot Reath

Deng Puok Deng

Peter Gatwec Both

Newly Elected Members of Lou-Neer Peace Council

Mr. Koang Puok Diu

MR. Ker Puok

Cdr. Joseph Doyak Chol

Paramount Chief Gatluak Thou

Cdr. Gatluak Reath

Dak Chuol Murt

Mr. Luk Jany Luak

Mrs. Nyanyak Mar

Mts. Nyibol Dang

Mr. Cony Bil Wang

Mr. Khor Reath Dung

Mrs. Nyakang Chol

Cdr. John Luk Soak

Cdr. Dhurl Rambang Loath

Rev. John Jok Chol Khartoum

Mr. Deng Bit Kuac

Rev. David Kuet Wiclunk

Mr. John Luk Deng

Cdr. John Jok GaiKuong

Mr. Stephen Most Malual

Mr. Peter Tatkuoth Mop

Bp. James Yuot Chat

Mr. Peter Gatkek Tut

Mr. David Riat Manyang

Mrs. Mary Nyawan Biliu

Mr. John Thowalh Kuong

Rev. Gatkuoth Chol Bol-Khartoum

Mr. Tbu Koda Wal-Khartoum

MR. Lony Thikiot Ngundeng-Khartoum

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Orbit Lokuji, PhD

Awes t 29, 2005.

Lou Peace & Reconciliation Conference 62

Yuai, Bieh State, July 6-11, 2005

F.2.

Conference Program32

Wednesday, July 6, 3pm—5pm, Thursday, July 7, 9 am — 1pm, 3 pm- 5 pm,Friday, July 8, 9 am —I pm, 3pm-5pm, Saturday, July 9, 9 am -1 pm, 3pm-5pm, Sunday, July 10,Monday, July 11,

Dream Progrranme!

Overview of records of conflicts in Lou areas (Three speakers).

How did the three factions SPLM / SSLM / GOS) get together in Yua? (

Three speakers representatives).

What problems are perceived to be dominant in the three counties of the Lou? (

Group Discussion)

Dissemination of information on the CPA (Dr. Alfred Lokuji).

Lou community problems with neighbours. (

Group Discussion)

Infra clan conflicts (e.g. Cieng Tiang and Cieng Puol, Cieng Bol and Cieng Kwaye, Cieng Nyak and Cieng Yol, Cieng Dongjak and Cieng lueth) (Group Discussion)

Compensation for feuds, blood feuds and others (Group discussion)

Unity of Lou intellectuals and Politicians I Organisational Capacity I Time and development management (Dr. Alfred Lokuji)

Peace committee new or existing one.

Conference evaluation.

As noted elsewhere, time-keeping was a nightmare and focus had simply to be placed on getting agenda items covered before the close of the conference.

This had consequences on personal commitments elsewhere as wen as presenting compromising logistical problems.

Facilitator & Report Editor:

Alfred Sebit Lokuji, PhD

August 29, 2005.

Resolutions (Lou Peace and Reconciliation Conference)

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Source agreement