Agreement on the clarification of the Akosombo Agreement

• Country/entity

  Liberia
  
• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  
• Agreement name

  Agreement on the clarification of the Akosombo Agreement
• Date

  21 Dec 1994
• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed
• Interim arrangement

  Yes
• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Liberian Civil Wars (1989 - 1997) (1999 - 2005) )
• Stage

  Ceasefire/related
• Conflict nature

  Government
• Peace process

  Liberia peace process
• Parties

  (Signed) Charles G. TAYLOR Leader
  National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)
  
  (Signed) Lt.-Gen. Alhaji G. V. KROMAH
  National Chairman
  United Liberation Movement of Liberia (ULIMO)
  
  (Signed) Lt.-Gen. J. Hezekiah BOWEN
  Chief of Staff
  Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)
• Third parties

  Attested to:
  (Signed) H.E. Flt. Lt. Jerry John RAWLINGS
  President of the Republic of Ghana and Current Chairman of ECOWAS
• Description

  This agreement clarifies and expands select provisions of the Akosombo agreement. Issues covered include a ceasefire, safe havens and buffer zones, DDR, transitional governance arrangements, and a schedule of implementation for the ECOWAS Peace Plan.

• Agreement document

  LR_941221_AkosomboClarification.pdf | Download PDF

Groups

Gender

State definition

Governance

Power sharing

Human rights and equality

Rights related issues

Rights institutions

Justice sector reform

Socio-economic reconstruction

Land, property and environment

Security sector

Transitional justice

Implementation

Agreement on the clarification of the Akosombo Agreement

This agreement on the clarification of the Akosombo Agreement made this twenty-first day of December AD 1994 is intended to clarify and expand pertinent provisions of the said Akosombo agreement.

SECTION A

Article 1

CEASE-FIRE

The Parties to this agreement hereby declare a cease-fire and the cessation of hostilities effective as of 2359 hours on the twenty-eighth day of December 1994.

SECTION C

Article 4

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

(SAFE HAVENS AND BUFFER ZONES)

Consistent with section C, article 4, count 5, of the Akosombo agreement, the parties agree to facilitate the establishment of safe havens and buffer zones throughout Liberia in accordance with a plan to be drawn up by the Liberian National Transitional Government (LNTG) in collaboration with the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) and the Economic Community of West African States Military Observer Group (ECOMOG) in consultation with the parties.

In this connection, the deployment of ECOMOG and UNOMIL, the establishment of buffer zones, safe havens and other measures necessary to restore normalcy throughout the territory of Liberia, shall be undertaken in accordance with the Cotonou and Akosombo agreements.

In keeping with section C, article 4, count 6, LNTG shall enter into a status-of-forces agreement with ECOWAS within seven (7) days as of the seating of the Council of State established under this agreement.

SECTION H

Article 9

DEMOBILIZATION

Consistent with section H, article 9, count 4, of the Akosombo agreement it is agreed by the parties that in the reorganization of the Armed Forces of Liberia, the police, immigration and other security agencies, the combatants and non-combatants who satisfy conditions for recruitment shall be considered for inclusion.

In this connection, the Council of State established under the Akosombo agreement clarified by this agreement shall establish appropriate committees which will be charged with determining the criteria for recruitment, taking advantage of the relevant expertise of ECOMOG and UNOMIL.

SECTION K

Article 12

SCHEDULE OF IMPLEMENTATION

The parties hereby agree to abide by the schedule of implementation attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Part II

Political issues

SECTION A (EXECUTIVE)

Consistent with part II, section A (i), of the Akosombo agreement, the provisions for the function and structure of the five-member Council of State provided for in the Cotonou and Akosombo agreements are hereby reconfirmed.

The procedure for the appointment of the relevant officials of Government as enshrined in the Akosombo agreement is hereby reaffirmed.

Such officials shall be appointed based on merit.

The parties agree that a five-member Council of State shall be established.

The first four members of the new Council of State shall be appointed as follows:

National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) 1

United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy (ULIMO) 1

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)/Coalition 1

Liberia National Conference (LNC) 1

The fifth member of the Council of State shall be a traditional chief selected by NPFL and ULIMO in the person of the Honourable Tamba Tailor in accordance with part II, section A (i), of the Akosombo agreement and agreed by the parties.

Consistent with part II, section A (i), of the Akosombo agreement, induction of the Council of State shall take place in the City of Monrovia under the auspices of the Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) or his designee within fourteen

(14) days as of the cease-fire date.

SECTION H

Article 20

Consistent with section H, article 20, of the Akosombo agreement, the parties reaffirm the acceptance of the ECOWAS peace plan, including the Cotonou and Akosombo agreements, as the best framework for peace in Liberia.

All provisions of the Akosombo agreement not herein clarified remain in full force and effect.

DONE AT ACCRA REPUBLIC OF GHANA, THIS TWENTY-FIRST DAY OF DECEMBER AD 1994

(Signed) Charles G. TAYLOR Leader

National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL)

(Signed) Lt.-Gen.

Alhaji G. V. KROMAH

National Chairman

United Liberation Movement of Liberia (ULIMO)

(Signed) Lt.-Gen.

J. Hezekiah BOWEN

Chief of Staff

Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)

Attested to:

(Signed) H.E. Flt.

Lt.

Jerry John RAWLINGS

President of the Republic of Ghana and Current Chairman of ECOWAS

Schedule of implementation of the Akosombo Agreement from cease-fire to elections (28 December 1994-14 November 1995)

Notes:

Cease-fire - 2359 hours 28 December 1994 (Midnight 28/29 December 94).

Installation of new Council of State

Election Day - 14 November 1995.

Inauguration of new Government - 1 January 1996.