The Toncontin Agreement

  • Country/entity
    Nicaragua
  • Region
    Americas
  • Agreement name
    The Toncontin Agreement
  • Date
    23 Mar 1990
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
  • Stage
    Ceasefire/related
  • Conflict nature
    Government
  • Peace process
    Nicaragua contra process
  • Parties
    President Elect Mrs Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, Nicaraguan Resistance
  • Third parties
    Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando Bravo
  • Description
    Resistance forces recognize the results of free elections and commits to demobilizing; parties agree a ceasefire; parties requesting cooperation of intl bodies such as ONUCA and Comisión Internacional de Apoyo y Verificación (CIAV), and Most Reverend Miguel Obando y Bravo


Groups

  • Children/youth
    Groups→Children/youth→Substantive
    Page 2, In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
    [...]
    Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
    [...]
  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender
    Page 2,
    In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
    [...]
    Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
    [...]
  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)

    No specific mention.

  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections
    Page 2,

    Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua, being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora.
  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society
    Most reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo signatory to agmt,
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing
    Power sharing→Political power sharing→Other
    State level
    Page 2,
    In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
    [...]
    Third. That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly.
    [...]
  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication

    No specific mention.

  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees

    No specific mention.

  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 2,
    Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua/ being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora. Such a transcendental occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still remaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest. To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the following steps must be taken:

    First, an effective cease-fire by both parties, verifiable by international bodies (ONUCA, CIAV) and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→Demilitarisation provisions
    Page 2,
    Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua/ being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora. Such a transcendental occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still remaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest. To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo. The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the following steps must be taken:

    [...]

    Second, concentration of our armed forces currently in Nicaragua in security zones delimited in advance in Nicaraguan territory and supervised by the above-mentioned international bodies, as well as by His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, so that the process of demobilization may be carried out in an atmosphere of security and order that guarantee the life of our brothers and the normal conduct of their peaceful work.
    [...]


    In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
    [...]

    Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.

    [...]

    Fourth. The new Government to be headed by Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro undertakes to arrange with appropriate Governments humanitarian assistance for the members of the Nicaraguan resistance, as well as the medical infrastructure for the necessary care of conflict victims over the duration of the demobilization
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims
    Page 2, Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations
    Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
    Page 2, Second. As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle. To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office. They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.
  • Reconciliation
    page 2,
    In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:
    [...]

    Third. That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly.
    [...]

Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory
    His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Enforcement mechanism
    Third. For the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Govt and the Nicaraguan resistance,
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    UN Peacemaker. Available at: https://peacemaker.un.org/nepal-toncontinagreement90 (Accessed 6 October 2020).

TONCONTIN AGREEMENT

The Negotiating Committee of the Nicaraguan resistance recognizes that the election of authorities on 25 February in Nicaragua, being held amid freedom, fairness and efficiency, permitted the triumph of the will of the Nicaraguan people to establish a process of democratization, in the victorious formula Barrios de Chamorro-Godoy Reyes, the candidates of the Union Nacional Opositora.

Such a transcendental·occurrence in our history allows us to state emphatically that we have decided to initiate the process of the general demobilization of our forces, beginning with the disarming of those still t·qmaining in the Republic of Honduras by 20 April 1990 at the latest.

To this end, we now request the co-operation and assistance of international bodies, such as ONUCA and CIAV, and His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo.

The internal military confrontations in Nicaragua must cease simultaneously, and to that end the

following steps must be taken:

First, an effective cease-fire by both parties, verifiable by international bodies (ONUCA, CIAV) and His Eminence the Most Rever,,nd Cardinal

Miguel Obando y Bravo,

Second, concentration of our armed forces currently in Nicaragua in security zones delimited in advance in Nicaraguan territory and supervised by the above-mentioned international bodies, as well as by His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo, so that the process of demobilization may be carried out in an atmosphere of security and order that guarantee the life of our brothers and the normal conduct of their peaceful work,

In turn, the delegation representing the President Elect, Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, states the following:

First, It has noted with great satisfaction the decision of the Nicaraguan resistance to initiate the process of demobilization as from this date.

Second, As an expression of just recognition of the patriotic work of the Nicaraguan resistance, it is necessary to assist the injured orphans and widows, the innocent victims of the armed struggle, To that end it undertakes to take measures to ensure the rehabilitation and social reintegration of those affected as soon as Mrs, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro assumes office, They will also be entitled to the corresponding monthly pensions.

Third, That, for the purpose of implementing all that is agreed on, there shall be appointed a special transition committee, composed of members of the new Government and of the Nicaraguan resistance, whose names will be announced shortly,

Fourth, The new Government to be headed by Mrs. Violeta Barrios de Chamorro undertakes to arrange with appropriate Governments humanitarian assistance for the members of the Nicaraguan resistance, as well as the medical infrastructure for the necessary care of conflict victims over the duration of the demobilization.

For his part, His Eminence the Most Reverend Cardinal Miguel Obando y Bravo expresses his satisfaction at the patriotic decisio~s taken and joins with the signatories in offering thanks to the Lord for his assistance in enlightening the participating parties.

Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 23 March 1990