Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and the LJM

  • Country/entity
    Sudan
    Darfur
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur between the Government of Sudan and the LJM
  • Date
    18 Mar 2010
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Sudan Conflicts (1955 - ) )
  • Stage
    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    Darfur-Sudan peace process
  • Parties
    For the Government of Sudan (GoS): Dr. Ghazi Salah Eldeen Atabani, Advisor to the president of the Republic of Sudan, Who is in charge of Darfur file;
    For Justice and Liberation Movement (LJM): Dr. Tejani Sisei Mohammed Atem, Chairman of the Liberation and Justice Movement;
  • Third parties
    Witnessed by:
    For the State of Qatar: Ahmed bin Abdulla Al-Mahmoud, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Member of the Cabinet; For the AU-UN Mediation: Djbrill Yipènè Bassolé, Joint Chief Mediator;
  • Description
    An agreement between the Parties that establishes general principles, a ceasefire, general amnesty, the role of civil society, as well as issues to be negotiated and technical workshops for capacity-building in conducting negotiations. The agreement is to be implemented on the basis of solidarity and political partnership that unite the two Parties.

Groups

  • Children/youth
    Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
    Page 3, 6. Role of Civil Society
    Agreement on the importance of the role of civil society in the peace process and the necessity to establish mechanisms for general participation, in particular by civil society to ensure that the views, voice, needs, rights of women, youth, displaced people, refugees and vulnerable groups are reflected in the negotiations. To secure support of the political parties and the public for the peace process and the ensuing agreement to achieve a durable peace.
  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group
    Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Rhetorical
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (1) Agreement to respect and safeguard the Sudan's sovereignty and territorial integrity and recognition of the nation's multi-cultural. multi-religious. multilingual and multi-ethnic character;
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy. political pluralism. freedom. the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society. the rule of law. the independence of the judiciary. the freedom of the press. the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity.religion. belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;
    Groups→Racial/ethnic/national group→Anti-discrimination
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;
  • Religious groups
    Groups→Religious groups→Anti-discrimination
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy. political pluralism. freedom. the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society. the rule of law. the independence of the judiciary. the freedom of the press. the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity.religion. belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;
  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons
    Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Rhetorical
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (9) Affirming the right of refugees and displaced persons to return voluntarily to their original homes together with the provision of conducive environment and assistance for them in accordance with a clear-cut strategy.

    Page 3, 6. General Amnesty
    Agreement on the importance of the role of civil society in the peace process and the necessity to establish mechanisms for general participation, in particular by civil society to ensure that the views, voice, needs, rights of women, youth, displaced people, refugees and vulnerable groups are reflected in the negotiations. To secure support of the political parties and the public for the peace process and the ensuing agreement to achieve a durable peace.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (7) Compensation of the refugees and internally displaced persons in Darfur
  • Social class

    No specific mention.

Gender

  • Women, girls and gender
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;

    Page 3, 6. Role of Civil Society.
    Agreement on the importance of the role of civil society in the peace process and the necessity to establish mechanisms for general participation, in particular by civil society to ensure that the views, voice, needs, rights of women, youth, displaced people, refugees and vulnerable groups are reflected in the negotiations. To secure support of the political parties and the public for the peace process and the ensuing agreement to achieve a durable peace.
  • Men and boys
    Gender→Men and boys→Gender neutral wording
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;
  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.

State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble,
    ...Reaffirming the unity. sovereignty. independence and territorial integrity of the Sudan;

    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (1) Agreement to respect and safeguard the Sudan's sovereignty and territorial integrity and recognition of the nation's multi-cultural, multi-religious, multilingual and multi-ethnic character;

    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (1) Power-sharing, enabling Darfur citizens to participate at all levels of governance on the basis of democracy, political pluralism and full equality between the citizens and according to a fair percentage of the population size.
  • State configuration
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (4) Commitment to a an efficient federal system of government, with devolution of powers and a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities between the central and all levels of governance, to ensure effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular;
  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.

Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (2) Addressing the situation resulting from the holding of 2010 elections through the participation of the Movement at different levels of governance according to the manner to be agreed upon by the parties and addressing any imbalance in the representation of the population of the Darfurian communities.
  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (4) Commitment to a an efficient federal system of government, with devolution of powers and a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities between the central and all levels of governance, to ensure effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (12) Creation of mechanisms to allow the population of Darfur to take ownership of the final agreement and assist in its implementation.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations,
    (2) Addressing the situation resulting from the holding of 2010 elections through the participation of the Movement at different levels of governance according to the manner to be agreed upon by the parties and addressing any imbalance in the representation of the population of the Darfurian communities

    Page 3, 6. General Amnesty
    Agreement on the importance of the role of civil society in the peace process and the necessity to establish mechanisms for general participation, in particular by civil society to ensure that the views, voice, needs, rights of women, youth, displaced people, refugees and vulnerable groups are reflected in the negotiations. To secure support of the political parties and the public for the peace process and the ensuing agreement to achieve a durable peace.
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.

Power sharing

  • Political power sharing
    Power sharing→Political power sharing→General
    State level
    Sub-state level
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (4) Commitment to a an efficient federal system of government, with devolution of powers and a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities between the central and all levels of governance, to ensure effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular;
    ...
    (7) Fair and equitable power and wealth-sharing in accordance with population-size and other criteria.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of negotiations
    (1) Power-sharing, enabling Darfur citizens to participate at all levels of governance on the basis of democracy, political pluralism and full equality between the citizens and according to a fair percentage of the population size.
    (2) Addressing the situation resulting from the holding of 2010 elections through the participation of the Movement at different levels of governance according to the manner to be agreed upon by the parties and addressing any imbalance in the representation of the population of the Darfurian communities.
  • Territorial power sharing
    Power sharing→Territorial power sharing→Federal or similar sub-divided government
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (4) Commitment to a an efficient federal system of government, with devolution of powers and a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities between the central and all levels of governance, to ensure effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular;
  • Economic power sharing
    Power sharing→Economic power sharing→Sharing of resources
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (7) Fair and equitable power and wealth-sharing in accordance with population-size and other criteria.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (4) Sharing of national wealth and resources;
  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.

Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (5) Alleviation of the suffering of the population of Darfur, protecting it from violence, intimidation and abuse and promoting its well-being and human rights;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (8) Provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis of human principles and the best internationally established practices.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (9) Issues of justice, the rule of law and reconciliation;
  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble
    ...In accordance with the United Nations' Principles and Charter and the Covenants of the African Union and the Community of the Sahel and Saharan States and other regional organizations relating to settlement of disputes by peaceful means.

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (6) Support for the implementation of United Nations Security Council resolutions supporting the peace process and African Union decisions on Darfur and the international humanitarian law;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (8) Provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis of human principles and the best internationally established practices.
  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.

Rights related issues

  • Citizenship
    Rights related issues→Citizenship→Citizens, specific rights
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;
  • Democracy
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (1) Power-sharing, enabling Darfur citizens to participate at all levels of governance on the basis of democracy, political pluralism and full equality between the citizens and according to a fair percentage of the population size
  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;
  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.

Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.

Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts
    Page 1, 1. General Principles
    (2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;
  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (6) Land issues, Hawakir and pastoral routes;

Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (5) Alleviation of the suffering of the population of Darfur, protecting it from violence, intimidation and abuse and promoting its well-being and human rights;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (9) Affirming the right of refugees and displaced persons to return voluntarily to their original homes together with the provision of conducive environment and assistance for them in accordance with a clear-cut strategy.

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (11) Giving priority to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur and undertaking the necessary steps to redress the consequences of the conflict.

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (8) Humanitarian issues;
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Humanitarian assistance
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (8) Provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis of human principles and the best internationally established practices.
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Infrastructure and reconstruction
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (11) Giving priority to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur and undertaking the necessary steps to redress the consequences of the conflict.
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.

Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights
    Land, property and environment→Land reform/rights→Land reform and management
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (6) Land issues, Hawakir and pastoral routes;
  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (6) Land issues, Hawakir and pastoral routes;
  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.

Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (5) Alleviation of the suffering of the population of Darfur, protecting it from violence, intimidation and abuse and promoting its well-being and human rights;

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (9) Affirming the right of refugees and displaced persons to return voluntarily to their original homes together with the provision of conducive environment and assistance for them in accordance with a clear-cut strategy.

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (11) Giving priority to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur and undertaking the necessary steps to redress the consequences of the conflict.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (5) Security arrangements and the final ceasefire.
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 2, 2. The Ceasefire
    (1) Announcement of ceasefire and cessation of all other hostilities. Such a ceasefire shall be immediately effective upon the signing of this Framework Agreement, and the signing of the final cease-fire. UNAMID will monitor the cessation of hostilities in accordance with mechanisms to be agreed upon.

    Page 2, 2. The Ceasefire
    (2) Commitment of the parties to fully cooperate with UNAMID to implement ceasefire and control their respective groups.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (5) Security arrangements and the final ceasefire.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 3, 3. General Amnesty
    (1) Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), and the release of the war prisoners and sentenced persons from both sides, after the final singing of this Agreement
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.

Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (11) Giving priority to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur and undertaking the necessary stepsto redress the consequences of the conflict.
  • Amnesty/pardon
    Transitional justice→Amnesty/pardon→Amnesty/pardon proper
    Page 3, 3. General Amnesty
    (1) Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), and the release of the war prisoners and sentenced persons from both sides, after the final singing of this Agreement.
  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release
    Page 3, 3. General Amnesty
    (1) Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), and the release of the war prisoners and sentenced persons from both sides, after the final singing of this Agreement.
  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims
    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (5) Alleviation of the suffering of the population of Darfur, protecting it from violence, intimidation and abuse and promoting its well-being and human rights;
  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations
    Transitional justice→Reparations→Material reparations
    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (7) Compensation of the refugees and internally displaced persons in Darfur.
  • Reconciliation
    Page 1, Untitled Preamble
    ...Believing in the need for a genuine national reconciliation as a basis for reaching a durable peace in Darfur.

    Page 2, 1. General Principles
    (10) Promotion of reconciliation and re-establishment of the concept of peaceful coexistence among all Darfurian communities.

    Page 3, 4. Issues of Negotiations
    (9) Issues of justice, the rule of law and reconciliation;

    Page 3, 7. Partnership
    The implementation of this agreement shall be based on goodwill and be established on the basis of solidarity and political partnership in line with principles and national issues that unite the two parties.

Implementation

  • UN signatory
    Joint Chief Mediator for the AU-UN Mediation signed as witness.
  • Other international signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 2, 2. The Ceasefire
    (1) Announcement of ceasefire and cessation of all other hostilities. Such a ceasefire shall be immediately effective upon the signing of this Framework Agreement, and the signing of the final cease-fire. UNAMID will monitor the cessation of hostilities in accordance with mechanisms to be agreed upon.

    Page 2, 2. The Ceasefire
    (2) Commitment of the parties to fully cooperate with UNAMID to implement ceasefire and control their respective groups.
  • Enforcement mechanism
    Page 4, 8. General Provisions
    (1) In the case of any disagreement between the parties over the interpretation or implementation of this Framework Agreement the difference shall be referred to the Mediation for settlement.
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    UN Peacemaker
    http://peacemaker.un.org/
    http://peacemaker.un.org/sudan-GOS-LJM-framework2010

Framework Agreement to Resolve the Conflict in Darfur Between the Government of Sudan (GOS) and Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM)

Within the Framework of the ongoing peace negotiations in Doha under the auspices of the State of Qatar and the African Union - United Nations Joint Chief Mediator for Darfur, and as part of the efforts currently exerted to reach a durable and just solution to the conflict in Darfur,

In accordance with the United Nations' Principles and Charter and the Covenants of the African Union and the Community of the Sahel and Saharan States and other regional organizations relating to settlement of disputes by peaceful means,

Desirous of resolving the conflict in Darfur by peaceful means within the framework of a comprehensive settlement which addresses its root causes;

Reaffirming the unity, sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Sudan;

Taking into consideration the National Constitution of the Republic of the Sudan, and the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), signed in Naivasha on 9 January 2005, and

Believing in the need for a genuine national reconciliation as a basis for reaching a durable peace in Darfur,

The Government of Sudan and the Liberation and Justice Movement have agreed upon this Framework Agreement as a basis for negotiating a resolution of the conflict in Darfur in all its aspects and in a just, comprehensive and durable manner as follows:

1 – General Principles

(1) Agreement to respect and safeguard the Sudan's sovereignty and territorial integrity and recognition of the nation's multi-cultural, multi-religious, multi-lingual and multi-ethnic character;

(2) Reaffirmation of democracy, political pluralism, freedom, the maintenance of a vibrant and dynamic civil society, the rule of law, the independence of the judiciary, the freedom of the press, the accountability and transparency of state institutions, and justice and equality for all regardless of ethnicity, religion, belief and gender as the basis for the effective participation of all Sudanese citizens in the management of their own affairs and decision-making processes at all levels of governance;

(3) Recognition of citizenship as the basis for political and civil rights and duties and rejection of discrimination based on religion, belief, ethnicity, gender or any other reasons;

(4) Commitment to a an efficient federal system of government, with devolution of powers and a clear distribution of powers and responsibilities between the central and all levels of governance, to ensure effective local participation and fair administration of Sudan in general and Darfur in particular;

(5) Alleviation of the suffering of the population of Darfur, protecting it from violence, intimidation and abuse and promoting its well-being and human rights;

(6) Support for the implementation of United Nations Security Council resolutions supporting the peace process and African Union decisions on Darfur and the international humanitarian law;

(7) Fair and equitable power and wealth-sharing in accordance with population-size and other criteria.

(8) Provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis of human principles and the best internationally established practices.

(9) Affirming the right of refugees and displaced persons to return voluntarily to their original homes together with the provision of conducive environment and assistance for them in accordance with a clear-cut strategy.

(10) Promotion of reconciliation and re-establishment of the concept of peaceful coexistence among all Darfurian communities.

(11) Giving priority to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Darfur and undertaking the necessary steps to redress the consequences of the conflict.

(12) Creation of mechanisms to allow the population of Darfur to take ownership of the final agreement and assist in its implementation.

2 – The Ceasefire

(1) Announcement of ceasefire and cessation of all other hostilities.

Such a ceasefire shall be immediately effective upon the signing of this Framework Agreement, and the signing of the final cease-fire.

UNAMID will monitor the cessation of hostilities in accordance with mechanisms to be agreed upon.

(2) Commitment of the parties to fully cooperate with UNAMID to implement ceasefire and control their respective groups.

3 – General Amnesty

(1) Issuance of a general amnesty for the civil and military members of the Liberation, and Justice Movement (LJM), and the release of the war prisoners and sentenced persons from both sides, after the final signing of this Agreement.

4 – Issues of Negotiations

Agreement on the following negotiation issues:

(1) Power-sharing, enabling Darfur citizens to participate at all levels of governance on the basis of democracy, political pluralism and full equality between the citizens and according to a fair percentage of the population size.

(2) Addressing the situation resulting from the holding of 2010 elections through the participation of the Movement at different levels of governance according to the manner to be agreed upon by the parties and addressing any imbalance in the representation of the population of the Darfurian communities.

(3) Administrative status of Darfur.

(4) Sharing of national wealth and resources;

(5) Security arrangements and the final ceasefire.

(6) Land issues, Hawakir and pastoral routes;

(7) Compensation of the refugees and internally displaced persons in Darfur.

(8) Humanitarian issues;

(9) Issues of justice, the rule of law and reconciliation;

(10) Any other issues to be agreed upon by the parties.

5 – Technical workshops

Agreement to request the Mediation to organize workshops to enable the desirous parties to acquire necessary capacities for conducting negotiations.

6- Role of Civil Society

Agreement on the importance of the role of civil society in the peace process and the necessity to establish mechanisms for general participation, in particular by civil society to ensure that the views, voice, needs, rights of women, youth, displaced people, refugees and vulnerable groups are reflected in the negotiations.

To secure support of the political parties and the public for the peace process and the ensuing agreement to achieve a durable peace.

7- Partnership

The implementation of this agreement shall be based on goodwill and be established on the basis of solidarity and political partnership in line with principles and national issues that unite the two parties.

8 – General Provisions

(1) In the case of any disagreement between the parties over the interpretation or implementation of this Framework Agreement the difference shall be referred to the Mediation for settlement.

(2) The final Agreement and its additional implementing protocols shall be prepared, negotiated and signed in Doha before the end of March 2010.

(3) This Agreement shall enter into force immediately after its signature by the parties.

(4) This agreement shall be appropriately incorporated into the 2005 Interim Constitution.

(5) Agreement on time lines for the implementation of the Agreement.

Done in Doha, on Thursday being the 18th of March 2010 in Arabic and English languages, both texts being equally authentic.

For the For

Government of Sudan Liberation and Justice Movement

(GoS) (LJM)

Dr. Ghazi Salah Eldeen Atabani Dr. Tejani Sisei Mohammed Atem

Advisor to the president of the Republic of Chairman of the Liberation and Justice

Sudan, Who is in charge of Darfur file Movement

Witnessed by,

For the State of Qatar For the AU-UN Mediation

Ahmed bin Abdulla Al-Mahmoud Djbrill Yipènè Bassolé

Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Joint Chief Mediator

and Member of the Cabinet,