Agreement between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) (Djibouti Agreement)

  • Country/entity
    Somalia
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Agreement between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) (Djibouti Agreement)
  • Date
    18 Aug 2008
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/intrastate conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )
  • Stage
    Pre-negotiation/process
  • Conflict nature
    Government
  • Peace process
    Somalia Peace Process
  • Parties
    The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and the Alliance for Re­ liberation of Somalia (ARS)
  • Third parties
    UN
  • Description
    A short agreement confirming the integration of the Alliance for Re­ liberation of Somalia (ARS) (formerly a wing of the Islamic Courts Union) into the Transition Federal Government. Agreement provides for a ceasefire, UN monitoring, and political cooperation between the two parties.


Groups

  • Children/youth
    Groups→Children/youth→Rhetorical
    Page 1, 4. The Parties noted that:
    a. Over the past eighteen years, Somalia has suffered massive human losses, insecurity and vast destruction of its physical infrastructure and other vital public investments. A whole generation of young people and adults has been sacrificed or denied education and development;
  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age
    Groups→Elderly/age→Rhetorical
    Page 1, 4. The Parties noted that:
    a. Over the past eighteen years, Somalia has suffered massive human losses, insecurity and vast destruction of its physical infrastructure and other vital public investments. A whole generation of young people and adults has been sacrificed or denied education and development;
  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons

    No specific mention.

  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 1, 5. Decided to: a. Reaffirm the dignity, sovereignty and the territorial integrity of Somalia;
  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision

    No specific mention.


Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society
    Page 2, Art. 8. To ensure the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties agree to:
    a. Undertake all necessary measures to ensure unhindered humanitarian access and assistance to affected populations;
  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general
    Page 1, Art. 3 The primary requirement of this Agreement is to: ensure the cessation of all armed confrontation and a political settlement for a durable peace; promote a peaceful environment; avoid a security vacuum; facilitate the protection of the population and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance and call for the convening of a reconstruction and development conference.

    Page 1, Art. 4b, The human and humanitarian situation is continuously deteriorating. At the same time, the country's international image and standing have been seriously undermined;
  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Media roles
    Page 2, Art. 8, b. Refrain from declarations and actions inconsistent with the peaceful spirit of this Agreement;
  • Mobility/access
    Page 2, Art. 8. To ensure the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties agree to:
    a. Undertake all necessary measures to ensure unhindered humanitarian access and assistance to affected populations;
  • Protection measures
    Rights related issues→Protection measures→Protection of civilians
    Page 1, Art. 3 The primary requirement of this Agreement is to: ensure the cessation of all armed confrontation and a political settlement for a durable peace; promote a peaceful environment; avoid a security vacuum; facilitate the protection of the population and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance and call for the convening of a reconstruction and development conference.
  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction
    Socio-economic reconstruction→Development or socio-economic reconstruction→Socio-economic development
    Page 1, Art. 3 The primary requirement of this Agreement is to: ... facilitate the protection of the population and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance and call for the convening of a reconstruction and development conference.

    Page 1, Art. 4. The Parties noted that:
    a. Over the past eighteen years, Somalia has suffered massive human losses, insecurity and vast destruction of its physical infrastructure and other vital public investments. A whole generation of young people and adults has been sacrificed or denied education and development;
  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources

    No specific mention.

  • International funds
    Page 3, Art. 11, The Parties call on the international community to help provide the adequate resources for the implementation and follow-up of this Agreement.
  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 1, Art. 3 The primary requirement of this Agreement is to: ensure the cessation of all armed confrontation and a political settlement for a durable peace; promote a peaceful environment; avoid a security vacuum;
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→Ceasefire provision
    Page 1, Art. 3. The primary requirement of this Agreement is to: ensure the cessation of all armed confrontation and a political settlement for a durable peace;

    Page 2, Art. 6. Agreed on:
    a. The termination of all acts of armed confrontation by the Alliance for the Re­ liberation of Somalia (ARS) and its allies and by the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and its allies;

    b. The cessation of armed confrontation shall come into force thirty (30) days from the signing of this agreement throughout the national territory;

    c. The cessation of armed confrontation is approved for an initial period of ninety
    (90) days, renewable.
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces

    No specific mention.

  • DDR

    No specific mention.

  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces
    Page 2, Art. 7, c. The ARS shall, through a solemn public statement, cease and condemn all acts of armed violence in Somalia and dissociate itself from any armed groups or individuals that do not adhere to the terms of this Agreement.
  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime

    No specific mention.

  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation
    Page 1, Art. 2, The Parties gave their respective analyses of the 18 year old crisis and made proposals aimed at restoring trust, confidence and at ending the conflict.

Implementation

  • UN signatory
    Signed by UN Representative.
  • Other international signatory
    France, UK, African Union, League of Arab States, EU, OIC, Djibouti, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 2, 7. The Parties agreed from the date of coming into effect of this Agreement:
    a. To request the United Nations, consistent with UN Security Council Resolution 1814 and within a period of one hundred and twenty days (120) days, to authorize and deploy an international stabilization force from countries that are friends of Somalia excluding neighboring states;
  • Enforcement mechanism
    Page 2, Art. 8, c. Establish a Joint Security Committee to follow up the implementation of security arrangements within fifteen (15) days of the signing of this Agreement. The composition and mandate of this Committee, chaired by the UN, shall be adopted within the same period.

    Art. 9, A High Level Committee, chaired by the UN, should be established within fifteen
    (15) days of the signing of this Agreement to follow up on issues relating to the political cooperation between the Parties and concerns over justice and reconciliation. These issues will be discussed at a conference to be organized by 30 July 2008.
  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    UN Peacemaker - http://peacemaker.un.org/, http://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/SO_081026_JointDeclarationforReconciliationandPoliticalCooperation.pdf

In the name of Allah, the most beneficent and the most merciful

Agreement between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) and The Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS)

1. the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and the Alliance for Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) attending a meeting from 31 May to 9 June 2008 in Djibouti, faciliated by the UN.

They are hereafter referred to as "the parties".

2. The Parties gave their respective analyses of the 18 year old crisis and made proposals aimed at restoring trust, confidence and at ending the conflict.

Their discussion led to the present agreement.

3. The primary requirement of this Agreement is to:

ensure the cessation of all armed confrontation and a political settlement for a durable peace;

promote a peaceful environment;

avoid a security vacuum;

facilitate the protection of the population and the unhindered delivery of humanitarian assistance and call for the convening of a reconstruction and development conference.

4. The Parties noted that:

a. Over the past eighteen years, Somalia has suffered massive human losses, insecurity and vast destruction of its physical infrastructure and other vital public investments.

A whole generation of young people and adults has been sacrificed or denied education and development;

b. The human and humanitarian situation is continuously deteriorating.

At the same time, the country's international image and standing have been seriously undermined.

c. This tragic situation, and the fact that eighteen years of war and conflict have brought neither durable peace nor stability and inspired by patriotic and religious examples of compromise.

5. Decided to;

a. Reaffirmed the dignity, sovereignty and the territorial integrity of Somalia;

b. Take courageous measures to finally bring this situation to an end and resolve the crisis through peaceful means.

6. Agreed on:

a. The termination of all acts of armed confrontation by the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) and its allies and by the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and its allies;

b. The cessation of armed confrontation shall come into force thirty (30) days from the signing of this agreement throughout the national territory.

c. The cessation of armed confrontation is approved for an initial period of ninety (90) days, renewable.

7. The Parties agreed from the date of coming into effect of this Agreement:

a. To request the United Nations, consistent with UN Security Council Resolution 1814 and within a period of one hundred and twenty days (120), to authorize and deploy an international stabilization force from countries that are friends of Somalia excluding neighbouring states;

b. Within a period of 120 days of the sighting of this agreement the TFG will act in accordance with the decision that has already been taken by the Ethiopian Government to withdraw its troops from Somalia after the deployment of a sufficient number of UN Forces;

c. The ARS shall, through a solemn public statement, crease and condemn all acts of armed violence in Somalia and dissociate itself from any armed groups or individual that do not adhere to the terms of this Agreement.

8. To ensure the effective implementation of this Agreement, the Parties agreed to:

a. Undertake all necessary measures to ensure unhindered humanitarian access and assistance to affected population.

b. Refrain from declarations and actions inconsistent with the peaceful spirit of this agreement;

c. Establish a Joint Security Committee to follow up the implementation of security arrangements within fifteen (15) days of the signing of this agreement.

The composition and mandate of this committee, chaired by the UN, shall be adopted within the same period.

9. A High-level committee, chaired by the UN, should be established within fifteen (15) days of the signing of this Agreement to follow up on issues related to the political cooperation between the parties and concerns over justice and reconciliation.

These issues will be discussed at a conference to be organised by 30 July 2008.

10. The Parties will work with all other relevant Somali stakeholders to ensure the full and effective implementation of this agreement.

11. The parties call on the international community to help provide the adequate resources for the implementation and follow-up of this Agreement.

The Parties also considered it a priority to convene within the next six (6) months an international conference aimed at addressing Somalia's Reconstruction and Development.

Djibouti

9 June 2008

(19 August 2008)

[Signatures from the following]

Transitional Federal Government

Alliance for Re-liberation of Somalia

United Nations

Observer states

France;

United Kingdom;

United States;

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

Djibouti;

African Union;

League of Arab States;

Organisation of Islamic Conference;

European Union