• Country/entity

  Somalia
  Puntland
  

• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  Africa (excl MENA)
  

• Agreement name

  Conciliation and Peace Conference of the Regions of Bari Nugal and Mudug, SNA, SNDU, SSDF Peace Agreement (Mudug Peace Agreement)

• Date

  4 Jun 1993

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/local conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )

• Stage

  Framework/substantive - partial

• Conflict nature

  Inter-group

• Peace process

  Somalia Peace Process

• Parties

  Signature of Somali Salvation Democratic Front delegate;
  Signature of Somali National Alliance delegate;
  Signature of Somali National Democratic Union delegate;

• Third parties

  -

• Description

  Short agreement between three militias for peace in Mudug, emphasizing past provision for property return, compensation, the disengagement of forces and the creation of a military committee to oversee the various aspects of DDR, past provisions and reconstruction.

• Agreement document

  SO_930604_Mudug Peace Agreement.pdf | Download PDF

Local agreement properties

• Process type

  Informal but persistent process
  

• Rationale

  There are no indications of external or formal support to the signing of this agreement. However, there is a history of holding peace conferences and of signing peace agreements in Puntland (see, for example, other peace agreements from Puntland on this database such as the Ramada Peace Agreement from 2005).

• Is there a documented link to a national peace process?

  Yes

• Link to national process: articulated rationale

  The agreement is signed 'in execution of the Peace Agreements signed in Addis Ababa by the Somali factions on January 15th and March 27th 1993' (p. 1) and, while excluding other Somali conflict parties, secondary sources suggest that this agreement played an important role in the wider landscape of Somali peace processes. The agreements helped stabilising the Somali northeast regions in the 1990s (Interpeace 2008).

• Name of Locale

  Bari - Nugal - Mudug regions in north-central Somalia

• Nature Of Locale

  Region

• GPS Lat/Long (DD)

  6.779921, 47.428301

• Participant type

  Local armed group
  Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
  

• Mediator, facilitator or similar

  No mention of mediator or similar

Local issues

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE BENEFICIENT THE MERCIFUL

Mogadishu, June 4th 1993

CONCILIATION AND PEACE CONFERENCE OF THE REGIONS OF BARI NUGAL AND MUDUG SNA, SNDU, SSDF PEACE AGREEMENT

In execution of the Peace Agreements signed in Addis Ababa by the Somali factions on January 15th and March 27th 1993

In reference to the advance peace talks among clan representatives of the central regions held in Addis Ababa in March 1993

On the basis of political speeches addressed by leaders of SNA, SSDF and SNDU, and other respected clan leaders and delegates from the central regions

Considering the democratic debates and broad analyses emanating from confidence and fraternity among the peoples of Bari, Nugaal and Mudug, which were held in the capital city of Mogadishu in the period between May 28th and June 3rd 1993, with 227 delegates attending

Considering the views and resolutions passed by the delegates and bearing in mind the immense necessity of peace, co-existence and cooperation at every level

Conference delegates reached this agreement:

Art.1:

Implementation of a complete and lasting peace in the region and denunciation of the use of force and violence.

Art.2:

Resolution of conflicts within the concerned communities through peaceful means and avoidance of solving conflicts by force and the use of weapons.

Art.3:

The Somali territory belongs to the Somali state and citizens have the right to live, reside and work anywhere in Somalia.

However, clan areas will remain under the jurisdiction of the clans living traditionally in that territory.

Art.4:

Co-existence and cooperation among the communities of the concerned regions shall be achieved gradually and step by step.

Art.5:

The Islamic religion, Somali culture and norms shall be respected, strengthened and adhered to.

Art.6:

Fixed assets and other assets looted shall immediately be handed over, without any condition, upon declaration of the claimant as the rightful owner.

Art.7:

Clan elders of the communities will discuss and decide upon payment of blood money (Diyah) for the non- combatants killed in Mudug region.

Art.8:

A technical committee will be appointed, composed of the signatories of this agreement, with the task of returning looted assets and Diyah blood compensation to the rightful persons.

Art.9:

Fighting armed militias shall be disengaged at a distance of 70km, with Galkayo the capital as the centre point, and deployed in the following locations:

a) SNA Wargalo Dawgaab

b) SSDF Buuryaqab (Xarfo)

c) SNDU Galdogob.

Art.10:

Towns and tarmac roads are restricted to militias, small arms and heavy weapons.

Bandits and thieves should be fought without mercy by the security forces of the region.

Art.11:

A military committee will be appointed to oversee the disengagement of militias and their deployment to new locations with their weapons, which will be completed within 45 days.

For logistics, welfare and training of the militias, the committee will cooperate with UNOSOM II as stated in the Addis Ababa Agreements of January 15th and March 27th 1993.

Art.12:

All heavy and mechanised weapons shall be collected and, in collaboration with UNOSOM II, stored in an appropriate place.

These weapons will be handed over to the Somali state or a central authority.

Art.13:

This agreement will be implemented by a central coordinating committee, comprising the following sub-committees (Giddi-Hoosaad):

• Militias and regional security forces sub-committee;

• Elders and religious leaders peace sub-committee;

• Sub-committee for the return of appropriated physical assets

• Relief, reintegration and reconciliation sub-committee.

These sub-committees will comprise of various community representatives, including religious leaders, local politicians, intellectuals, armed forces officers, elders, women and youth members.

They will assume responsibilities under the oath of the Holy Qur’aan that they will fulfil their duties honestly.

Art.14:

All involved parties are to repent of their bad doings, which brought about great suffering in neighbouring communities, in order to avoid such conflict from reoccurring.

Art.15:

This agreement is signed by the political leaders, clan leaders and various delegates of clans and factions whose signatures appear below.

IN THE NAME OF PEACE, RECONCILIATION, REBUILDING, JUSTICE, DEMOCRACY, UNITY AND PROGRESS

Signature of SSDF delegate Signature of SNA delegate Signature of SNDU delegate