• Country/entity

  Somalia
  Puntland
  

• Region

  Africa (excl MENA)
  Africa (excl MENA)
  

• Agreement name

  Ramada Peace Agreement

• Date

  4 Dec 2005

• Agreement status

  Multiparty signed/agreed

• Interim arrangement

  Yes

• Agreement/conflict level

  Intrastate/local conflict ( Somali Civil War (1991 - ) )

• Stage

  Framework/substantive - partial

• Conflict nature

  Inter-group

• Peace process

  Somalia-Puntland Peace Process

• Parties

  Reer Mahad sub-clan;
  Reer Khalaf sub-clan

• Third parties

  -

• Description

  Settlement between the Reer Mahad and Reer Khalaf exchanging reparations following a series of revenge killings between the two sub-clans.

• Agreement document

  SO_051204_Ramada Peace Agreement.pdf | Download PDF

Local agreement properties

• Process type

  Informal but persistent process
  

• Rationale

  One of multiple local agreements signed in Galkayo. The agreement mentions a committee, but neither the agreement text nor limited contextual research suggests that it played a formalised supportive role beyond the agreement.

• Is there a documented link to a national peace process?

  No

• Link to national process: articulated rationale

  The agreement aims to reconcile two sub-clans after local-level killings. Neither the agreement text nor limited background research suggests a link to the national-level peace process.

• Name of Locale

  Galkayo

• Nature Of Locale

  City

• GPS Lat/Long (DD)

  6.800345, 47.433250

• Participant type

  Local state actor
  Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
  Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
  

• Mediator, facilitator or similar

  Mediator or similar referred to

  Mediator (references)

  Broker: Elders from Reer Bi’ii-yahan, a Majeerteen sub-clan, brokered this agreement (not apparent from the agreement text, but referred to in Interpeace 2008, p. 28).

  Type of mediator/facilitator/similar

  Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder

Local issues

The Ramada Peace Agreement, 2005

The outcome of the agreement can be summarized as follows:

1. In the case of the first killing at the checkpoint, the committee agreed to follow the judgment of the court since the offenders acknowledged the killing and the court ruled on that basis.

The committee concluded diya payment should be 100 camels, an additional 20 camels as respect and 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the handgun, apportioned by the two sub-clans (Reer Mahad and Reer Khalaf) to which the perpetrators belong.

2. In the second case of killings, the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Mahad should pay diya for the two deceased, 100 camels and an additional 20 camels as reverence, and 5,000, 000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses plus the two firearms, and offer two Godobtir (girls for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

3. In case of the killing of the Nabaddoon, who is a birmageydo (traditionally protected or “spared from the spear”), the committee ordered the sub-clan of Reer Khalaf to pay diya of 100 camels and 20 additional camels as respect, plus 5,000,000 Somali Shillings for funeral expenses and the gun, and offer a Godobtir (girl for marriage) to heal the aggrieved party.

A further $ 20,000 is to be paid as reverence to the Reer Mahad sub- clan.

On the first point, the offenders were taken to a court in Gaalka’yo and convicted to 10 years imprisonment and diya of 120 camels.

The family of the deceased initially refused the ruling and instead demanded capital punishment for the murder but ultimately accepted diya.