Peace and Transition Process Data

PA-X is a database containing 2055 peace agreements, found in more than 150 peace processes between 1990 and 2024, now with 52 new agreements.

Please note that PA-X now includes agreements from a wider variety of negotiation practices - including some local agreements that are not associated with conflicts in which there have been more than 25 battle-related deaths. These can be excluded by the Agreement/Conflict level [variable: ‘Agtp’] with value Intrastate/local (other) [IntraLocal].

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Codebook

Please cite the data as:

Bell, Christine, Sanja Badanjak, John Allison, Shivangi Bansal, Juline Beaujouan, Jacob Dobson, Robert Forster, Tim Epple, Adam Farquhar, Roy Gardner, Niamh Henry, Jennifer Hodge, Moosa Izzat, Astrid Jamar, Kelsey Kestenbaum, Kevin McNicholl, Sean Molloy, Tom Morley, Kathryn Nash, Saketh Srinivas Pittala, Jan Pospisil, Robert Wilson, Laura Wise, Surya Kiran Yadav. (2024). PA-X Peace Agreement Database (Version 8). Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform (PeaceRep), University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from https://www.peaceagreements.org/.

Bell, C., & Badanjak, S. (2019). Introducing PA-X: A new peace agreement database and dataset. Journal of Peace Research, 56(3), 452-466. Available at https://www.peaceagreements.org/

Please cite the codebook as:

Bell, Christine, Sanja Badanjak, Adam Farquhar, Juline Beaujouan, Tim Epple, Robert Forster, Jennifer Hodge, Astrid Jamar, Kevin McNicholl, Sean Molloy, Kathryn Nash, Jan Pospisil, Robert Wilson, Laura Wise. 2024. PA-X Codebook, Version 8. Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform (PeaceRep), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.

For further citation information click here.

PA-X Gender contains all the peace agreements between 1990 and 2024 which have provisions on women, girls, gender or sexual violence. This dataset contains additional variables related to women and peace agreements. This release adds 14 new agreements from the 8th release of the main PA-X database.

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Please cite the data as:

Bell, C. (2024) PA-X Gender Peace Agreement Database and Dataset, Version 8. 

Bell, C. (2024) PA-X Gender Peace Agreement Database and Dataset, Codebook, Version 8. PeaceRep, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. www.peaceagreements.org/wsearch

PA-X Local contains all agreements included on the main PA-X database that deal in some way with local issues, involve local actors, and deal with forms of local/communal violent conflict. Agreements span the 1990 to 2024, with global coverage, forming a collection of 353 local agreements, 5 of which are new in this release of PA-X Local.

PA-X Local only includes agreements for which we could obtain a text, and is therefore neither exhaustive of all local negotiation practices, nor clearly representative of them, nor of the range of armed actors and groups involved in local agreement-making. While it is likely to therefore reflect some processes more than others, it forms a useful qualitative tool for beginning to understand local processes and is the only database that we know of to currently do this. See more on the PA-X Local data and definitions in the Local Agreements Glossary, or on the dataset concept note, available in English, Arabic or French.

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Please cite the data as:

Bell, Christine, Sanja Badanjak, Laura Wise, Monalisa Adhikari, Juline Beaujouan, Margherita Distrotti, Tim Epple, Robert Forster, Robert Wilson, and Laura Wise (2024). PA-X Local Peace Agreements Database and Dataset, Version 5. www.peaceagreements.org/lsearch

Bell, Christine, Sanja Badanjak, Laura Wise, Monalisa Adhikari, Juline Beaujouan, Margherita Distrotti, Tim Epple, Robert Forster, Robert Wilson, and Laura Wise (2024). PA-X Local Peace Agreement Database and Dataset, Codebook, Version 5. PeaceRep, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. https://test.pax.peaceagreements.org/media/documents/PA_X_codebook_local_v8.pdf

Bell, C., & Wise, L. (2022). The Spaces of Local Agreements: Towards a New Imaginary of the Peace Process, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 16:5, 563-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2022.2156111

The PA-X Corpus is available via the PA-X main search page, at www.peaceagreements.org/search.

Codebook

Please cite the codebook as:

Bell, Christine, Sanja Badanjak, Robert Forster, Astrid Jamar, Sean Molloy, Kevin McNicholl, Kathryn Nash, Jan Pospisil, Laura Wise (2024). PA-X Corpus Codebook. Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh. www.peaceagreements.org

The CV-19 Ceasefire Database is a database and repository of ceasefire declarations and agreements. It also includes information on updates or related events, such as the termination or extension of a ceasefire during this period. 

We make no strong claim that all were a direct consequence of the UN Secretary General’s call. We therefore quite simply view this as a set of ceasefires called ‘during the Covid-19 pandemic’.  Under this definition, all ceasefires agreed on during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic are captured in this database, regardless of whether they referenced the UN call. 

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Please cite the data as:

Wise, L., Badanjak, S., Bell, C., and Knäussel, F. (2021). Pandemic Pauses: Understanding Ceasefires in a Time of Covid-19 (PSRP Research Report). Edinburgh: Global Justice Academy, University of Edinburgh. 

The VaxxPax Vaccination Ceasefires Dataset is an original dataset of 74 vaccination ceasefires, covering all instances of such events reported in the media and by NGOs across the world from 1985 to 2018.  The data consist of cases where a cessation of hostilities was agreed during a conflict for the purpose of, in part or in full, conducting a vaccination campaign or similarly addressing a public health need. Each event in the dataset is thus accounting for a combination of a vaccination campaign and ceasefire agreed to support it.

The dataset includes cases where the cessation of hostilities was limited in terms of its duration as well as cases where it was limited in terms of its geographical scope. Our data do not include, however, cases where the health need to be addressed directly relates to the harms associated with conflict, nor those agreements relating to the broader range of activities associated with humanitarian protection or relief. Each case of ceasefire is recorded separately, such that, for example, ceasefires that took place on non-contiguous dates in connection with the same vaccination campaign are counted as distinct events. For each recorded vaccination campaign and ceasefire event, the dataset provides a best estimate of start and end dates of the ceasefire and related vaccination campaign, country in which they are implemented, conflict in which the ceasefire is agreed, illnesses for which vaccination treatment is being provided, target populations of the vaccination, and organisations involved in the vaccination campaign.

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Please cite the data as:

Russell, Ian; Wise, Laura; Badanjak, Sanja. (2021). VaxxPax: a dataset of vaccination ceasefires, 1985-2018 [dataset]. University of Edinburgh Law School. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/3131.

Russell, Ian; Wise, Laura; Badanjak, Sanja. (2021). VaxxPax: a dataset of vaccination ceasefires, 1985-2018 [codebook]. University of Edinburgh Law School. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/3131.

The Inter-governmental Organisation (IGO) Engagement in Peace Agreements dataset tracks engagement by global and regional IGOs in peace agreements across a number of categories, including facilitation, monitoring, and implementation. It covers IGO engagement in Latin America and Africa between 1990-2015.  

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Please cite the data as:

Coe, Brooke and Nash, Kathryn (2024). Inter-governmental Organisation (IGO) Engagement in Peace Agreements Codebook. Peace and Conflict Resolution Evidence Platform (PeaceRep), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.