ICGLR Roadmap on the Pacification in the Eastern Region of DRC (Luanda Roadmap)

  • Country/entity
    Democratic Republic of Congo
    Rwanda
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    ICGLR Roadmap on the Pacification in the Eastern Region of DRC (Luanda Roadmap)
  • Date
    6 Jul 2022
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Interstate/intrastate conflict(s) ( Congo Civil Wars (1996 - ) )
  • Stage
    Implementation/renegotiation
  • Conflict nature
    Government/territory
  • Peace process
    DRC: Angola-led process for Eastern DRC
  • Parties
    Agreement copy not signed, but secondary sources confirm signing by

    Democratic Republic of Congo
    Republic of Rwanda
  • Third parties
    Agreement copy not signed, but secondary sources confirm third parties as

    President of Angola
    ICGLR (International Conference on the Great Lakes Region)
  • Description
    In this short agreement, DRC and Rwanda continue discussion regarding the involvement of M23 in fighting in Eastern DRC and aim to support the return of M23 fighters. They also commit to further talks and ask for an ICGLR summit to be convened in support.


Groups

  • Children/youth

    No specific mention.

  • Disabled persons

    No specific mention.

  • Elderly/age

    No specific mention.

  • Migrant workers

    No specific mention.

  • Racial/ethnic/national group

    No specific mention.

  • Religious groups

    No specific mention.

  • Indigenous people

    No specific mention.

  • Other groups

    No specific mention.

  • Refugees/displaced persons
    Groups→Refugees/displaced persons→Substantive
    Page 1-2:
    No1

    Objectives
    Normalise the political and diplomatic relations between the DRC and Rwanda

    Establish a climate of trust between the states of the region and create optimal conditions for dialogue and political consultation to resolve the current security crisis in eastern DRC

    Activities
    [...]

    Create the necessary conditions for the return of refugees.

    [...]

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    DRC, Rwanda, ICGLR and EAC

    Observations
    /


    Page 5:
    No 4
    Objectives
    Revitalisation of the Framework Agreement for Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) in the DRC and the Region

    Activities
    [...]


    Review and implement previous agreements regarding the return of refugees in the region.

    [...]

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Government of DRC/International partners (UN, EU, World Bank, among others)
    Government Of the DRC/Rwanda/lCGLR/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

    Observations
    /
  • Social class

    No specific mention.


Gender

  • Women, girls and gender

    No specific mention.

  • Men and boys

    No specific mention.

  • LGBTI

    No specific mention.

  • Family

    No specific mention.


State definition

  • Nature of state (general)
    Page 2-3:
    No 2
    Objectives
    Preventing violations of territorial integrity and ensuring compliance with the commitments made by ICGLR States in this regard

    Activities
    Expand the mandate of the Joint ICGLR Mechanism by strengthening its role and means of action to enable it to carry out a priori monitoring, prevent and record all actions likely to compromise the implementation of the commitments of the parties with regard to the territorial integrity, security and stability of the States of the Region as well as mutual confidence between them.

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    ICGLR acting chairmanship

    Observations
    /
  • State configuration

    No specific mention.

  • Self determination

    No specific mention.

  • Referendum

    No specific mention.

  • State symbols

    No specific mention.

  • Independence/secession

    No specific mention.

  • Accession/unification

    No specific mention.

  • Border delimitation

    No specific mention.

  • Cross-border provision
    Page 2-3:
    No 2
    Objectives
    Preventing violations of territorial integrity and ensuring compliance with the commitments made by ICGLR States in this regard

    Activities
    Expand the mandate of the Joint ICGLR Mechanism by strengthening its role and means of action to enable it to carry out a priori monitoring, prevent and record all actions likely to compromise the implementation of the commitments of the parties with regard to the territorial integrity, security and stability of the States of the Region as well as mutual confidence between them.

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    ICGLR acting chairmanship

    Observations
    /

Governance

  • Political institutions (new or reformed)

    No specific mention.

  • Elections

    No specific mention.

  • Electoral commission

    No specific mention.

  • Political parties reform

    No specific mention.

  • Civil society

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional/religious leaders

    No specific mention.

  • Public administration

    No specific mention.

  • Constitution

    No specific mention.


Power sharing

  • Political power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Territorial power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Economic power sharing

    No specific mention.

  • Military power sharing

    No specific mention.


Human rights and equality

  • Human rights/RoL general

    No specific mention.

  • Bill of rights/similar

    No specific mention.

  • Treaty incorporation

    No specific mention.

  • Civil and political rights

    No specific mention.

  • Socio-economic rights

    No specific mention.


Rights related issues

  • Citizenship

    No specific mention.

  • Democracy

    No specific mention.

  • Detention procedures

    No specific mention.

  • Media and communication
    Rights related issues→Media and communication→Other
    Page 1-2:
    No1

    Objectives
    Normalise the political and diplomatic relations between the DRC and Rwanda

    Establish a climate of trust between the states of the region and create optimal conditions for dialogue and political consultation to resolve the current security crisis in eastern DRC

    Activities
    [...]

    Fight hate speech and offensive language in the region by all parties.

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    DRC, Rwanda, ICGLR and EAC

    Observations
    /
  • Mobility/access

    No specific mention.

  • Protection measures

    No specific mention.

  • Other

    No specific mention.


Rights institutions

  • NHRI

    No specific mention.

  • Regional or international human rights institutions

    No specific mention.


Justice sector reform

  • Criminal justice and emergency law

    No specific mention.

  • State of emergency provisions

    No specific mention.

  • Judiciary and courts

    No specific mention.

  • Prisons and detention

    No specific mention.

  • Traditional Laws

    No specific mention.


Socio-economic reconstruction

  • Development or socio-economic reconstruction

    No specific mention.

  • National economic plan

    No specific mention.

  • Natural resources
    Page 6:
    No 5
    Objectives
    Promotion of economic partnership between the States of the region and strengthening of regional mechanisms to combat the illegal exploitation Of natural resources

    Activities
    Promote economic activities in the Region and ensure regular and rigorous monitoring Of mining and natural resource activities in compliance With State sovereignty and the ICGLR Protocol on natural resource exploitation

    Step up the fight against the illicit exploitation of the DRC's natural resources by armed groups.

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Regional mechanisms: ICGLR and EAC members

    Observations
    /
  • International funds

    No specific mention.

  • Business

    No specific mention.

  • Taxation

    No specific mention.

  • Banks

    No specific mention.


Land, property and environment

  • Land reform/rights

    No specific mention.

  • Pastoralist/nomadism rights

    No specific mention.

  • Cultural heritage

    No specific mention.

  • Environment

    No specific mention.

  • Water or riparian rights or access

    No specific mention.


Security sector

  • Security Guarantees
    Page 4-5:
    No 4
    Objectives
    Revitalisation of the Framework Agreement for Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) in the DRC and the Region

    Activities
    Establish a joint mechanism for regular consultations and harmonisation between the ICGLR and the EAC on the Nairobi process.

    End the roaming of armed groups in the region.

    [...]

    Repatriate elements of armed groups to their respective countries of origin.

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Government of DRC/International partners (UN, EU, World Bank, among others)
    Government Of the DRC/Rwanda/lCGLR/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

    Observations
    /
  • Ceasefire
    Security sector→Ceasefire→General commitments
    Page 1-2:
    No1

    Objectives
    Normalise the political and diplomatic relations between the DRC and Rwanda

    Establish a climate of trust between the states of the region and create optimal conditions for dialogue and political consultation to resolve the current security crisis in eastern DRC

    Activities
    Cease hostilities and immediate withdrawal of M23 from occupied positions in accordance with the Nairobi Final Communiqué'

    Defeat FDLR and its splinter groups (CNRD- FLN, RUD-Urunana, FPPH-Abajyarugamba) which are at the origin of tensions between Rwanda and DRC and play a major role in the insecurity of the DRC in order to ensure that the threat to security ceases completely.

    Create the necessary conditions for the return of refugees.

    Reactivate the Joint Intelligence Team Rwanda-DRC to agree on the practical modalities and the program for fighting the FDLR in coordination with the Presidency of the ICGLR and the Nairobi Process.

    Reconvening of the Joint Permanent Commission (JPC) on July 12th in Luanda/Angola.

    Fight hate speech and offensive language in the region by all parties.

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    DRC, Rwanda, ICGLR and EAC

    Observations
    /
  • Police

    No specific mention.

  • Armed forces
    Page 4-5:
    No 4
    Objectives
    Revitalisation of the Framework Agreement for Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) in the DRC and the Region

    Activities
    [...]

    End the roaming of armed groups in the region.

    Accelerate the implementation of the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Community Rehabilitation and Stabilisation (DDRSC) process and the release of resources pledged by donors.

    Create the conditions for the return to the DRC of ex-fighters of M23 who are residing in Rwanda.



    Review and implement the "Feuille de route conjointe des activités relatives au rapartriement en RDC des combattants ex-M23 (la faction Runiga) présents en République du Rwanda” * 28 0ct.2019;

    [...]

    Repatriate elements of armed groups to their respective countries of origin.

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Government of DRC/International partners (UN, EU, World Bank, among others)
    Government Of the DRC/Rwanda/lCGLR/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

    Observations
    /
  • DDR
    Security sector→DDR→DDR programmes
    Page 4-5:
    No 4
    Objectives
    Revitalisation of the Framework Agreement for Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) in the DRC and the Region

    Activities
    Establish a joint mechanism for regular consultations and harmonisation between the ICGLR and the EAC on the Nairobi process.

    End the roaming of armed groups in the region.

    Accelerate the implementation of the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Community Rehabilitation and Stabilisation (DDRSC) process and the release of resources pledged by donors.

    Create the conditions for the return to the DRC of ex-fighters of M23 who are residing in Rwanda.



    Review and implement the "Feuille de route conjointe des activités relatives au rapartriement en RDC des combattants ex-M23 (la faction Runiga) présents en République du Rwanda” * 28 0ct.2019;

    Review and implement previous agreements regarding the return of refugees in the region.

    Repatriate elements of armed groups to their respective countries of origin.

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Government of DRC/International partners (UN, EU, World Bank, among others)
    Government Of the DRC/Rwanda/lCGLR/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

    Observations
    /
  • Intelligence services

    No specific mention.

  • Parastatal/rebel and opposition group forces

    No specific mention.

  • Withdrawal of foreign forces

    No specific mention.

  • Corruption

    No specific mention.

  • Crime/organised crime
    Page 6:
    No 5
    Objectives
    Promotion of economic partnership between the States of the region and strengthening of regional mechanisms to combat the illegal exploitation Of natural resources

    Activities
    Promote economic activities in the Region and ensure regular and rigorous monitoring Of mining and natural resource activities in compliance With State sovereignty and the ICGLR Protocol on natural resource exploitation

    Step up the fight against the illicit exploitation of the DRC's natural resources by armed groups.

    Deadline
    Short term

    Authorities
    Regional mechanisms: ICGLR and EAC members

    Observations
    /
  • Drugs

    No specific mention.

  • Terrorism

    No specific mention.


Transitional justice

  • Transitional justice general

    No specific mention.

  • Amnesty/pardon

    No specific mention.

  • Courts

    No specific mention.

  • Mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Prisoner release

    No specific mention.

  • Vetting

    No specific mention.

  • Victims

    No specific mention.

  • Missing persons

    No specific mention.

  • Reparations

    No specific mention.

  • Reconciliation

    No specific mention.


Implementation

  • UN signatory

    No specific mention.

  • Other international signatory
    Agreement copy not signed, but secondary sources confirm third parties as

    President of Angola
    ICGLR (International Conference on the Great Lakes Region)
  • Referendum for agreement

    No specific mention.

  • International mission/force/similar
    Page 3-4:
    No 3
    Objectives
    Verification of the reciprocal accusations of the DRC and Rwanda concerning the support to M23 and the collaboration with the FDLR, respectively.

    Activities
    Create an ad-hoc verification mechanism led by an Officer General of the Republic of Angola.

    Deadline
    Immediate

    Authorities
    ICGLR acting chairmanship

    Observations
    The team should be supported by the ICGLR Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism. ICGLR to seek MONUSCO’s support in security and logistical matters.
  • Enforcement mechanism

    No specific mention.

  • Related cases

    No specific mention.

  • Source
    https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/201075/News/dr-congo-crisis-luanda-summit-roadmap-released
    Accessed on 21/3/2023

ICGLR ROADMAP ON THE PACIFICATION PROCESS IN THE EASTERN REGION OF THE DRC

No1

Objectives

Normalise the political and diplomatic relations between the DRC and Rwanda

Establish a climate of trust between the states of the region and create optimal conditions for dialogue and political consultation to resolve the current security crisis in eastern DRC

Activities

Cease hostilities and immediate withdrawal of M23 from occupied positions in accordance with the Nairobi Final Communiqué'

Defeat FDLR and its splinter groups (CNRD- FLN, RUD-Urunana, FPPH-Abajyarugamba) which are at the origin of tensions between Rwanda and DRC and play a major role in the insecurity of the DRC in order to ensure that the threat to security ceases completely.

Create the necessary conditions for the return of refugees.

Reactivate the Joint Intelligence Team Rwanda-DRC to agree on the practical modalities and the program for fighting the FDLR in coordination with the Presidency of the ICGLR and the Nairobi Process.

Reconvening of the Joint Permanent Commission (JPC) on July 12th in Luanda/Angola.

Fight hate speech and offensive language in the region by all parties.

Deadline

Immediate

Authorities

DRC, Rwanda, ICGLR and EAC

Observations

/

No 2

Objectives

Preventing violations of territorial integrity and ensuring compliance With the commitments made by ICGLR States in this regard

Activities

Expand the mandate of the Joint ICGLR Mechanism by strengthening its role and means of action to enable it to carry out a priori monitoring, prevent and record all actions likely to compromise the implementation of the commitments of the parties with regard to the territorial integrity, security and stability of the States of the Region as well as mutual confidence between them.

Deadline

Immediate

Authorities

ICGLR acting chairmanship

Observations

/

No 3

Objectives

Verification of the reciprocal accusations of the DRC and Rwanda concerning the support to M23 and the collaboration with the FDLR, respectively.

Activities

Create an ad-hoc verification mechanism led by an Officer General of the Republic of Angola.

Deadline

Immediate

Authorities

ICGLR acting chairmanship

Observations

The team should be supported by the ICGLR Expanded Joint Verification Mechanism.

ICGLR to seek MONUSCO’s support in security and logistical matters.

No 4

Objectives

Revitalisation of the Framework Agreement for Peace, Security and Cooperation (PSC) in the DRC and the Region

Activities

Establish a joint mechanism for regular consultations and harmonisation between the ICGLR and the EAC on the Nairobi process.

End the roaming of armed groups in the region.

Accelerate the implementation of the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Community Rehabilitation and Stabilisation (DDRSC) process and the release of resources pledged by donors.

Create the conditions for the return to the DRC of ex-fighters of M23 who are residing in Rwanda.

Review and implement the "Feuille de route conjointe des activités relatives au rapartriement en RDC des combattants ex-M23 (la faction Runiga) présents en République du Rwanda” * 28 0ct.2019;

Review and implement previous agreements regarding the return of refugees in the region.

Repatriate elements of armed groups to their respective countries of origin.

Deadline

Short term

Authorities

Government of DRC/International partners (UN, EU, World Bank, among others)

Government Of the DRC/Rwanda/lCGLR/United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Observations

/

No 5

Objectives

Promotion of economic partnership between the States of the region and strengthening of regional mechanisms to combat the illegal exploitation Of natural resources

Activities

Promote economic activities in the Region and ensure regular and rigorous monitoring Of mining and natural resource activities in compliance With State sovereignty and the ICGLR Protocol on natural resource exploitation

Step up the fight against the illicit exploitation of the DRC's natural resources by armed groups.

Deadline

Short term

Authorities

Regional mechanisms:

ICGLR and EAC members

Observations

/

No 6

Objectives

Ensuring the proper implementation of this Roadmap and rebuilding trust between partners in the Nairobi process.

Activities

Convene an extraordinary ICGLR Summit

Deadline

Short term

Authorities

ICGLR chairmanship

Observations

/

Luanda, 06th of July 2022.