Maikona and Walda Peace Declaration

  • Country/entity
    Ethiopia
    Kenya
  • Region
    Africa (excl MENA)
    Africa (excl MENA)
  • Agreement name
    Maikona and Walda Peace Declaration
  • Date
    28 Jul 2009
  • Agreement status
    Multiparty signed/agreed
  • Interim arrangement
    Yes
  • Agreement/conflict level
    Intrastate/local conflict ( Kenyan Post-Electoral Violence (2007 - 2008) )
  • Stage
    Framework/substantive - partial
  • Conflict nature
    Inter-group
  • Peace process
    Kenya Local Agreements
  • Parties
    Signed:
    Galma Dabasso, Borana
    Jattani Kotote, Borana
    Abdub Dengich, Borana
    Adi Mary Hapana, Borana
    Salesa Galma, Borana

    Chukulisa Tuye, Gabra
    Sori Salesa, Gabra
    Anudo Guyo, Gabra
    Quri Guyo, Gabra
    Adudo Godana, Gabra
  • Third parties
    -
  • Description
    Agreement to end violence between the Borana and Gabra communities, and the theft of livestock.


Local agreement properties

  • Process type
    Formal structured process
  • Rationale
    The agreement does not reference previous meetings, but the agreement was the result of the Dillo Dukana peace initiative, and the Walda meeting followed meetings and resolutions between the Gabra and Borana communities in November 2008, June 2009, and 17th-19th July 2009. The meetings in July 2009 were supported by the Pastoralist Shade Initiative and the Oromia Pastoralists Association, as part of the DFID Democracy Growth and Peace for Pastoralists project.
  • Is there a documented link to a national peace process?
    No
  • Link to national process: articulated rationale
    No documented references in the agreement to a national peace process, or in the accompanying reporting of the process, as it was very focused on localised, cross-border violence and insecurity.
  • Name of Locale
    Maikona, Walda
  • Nature Of Locale
    Region
  • GPS Lat/Long (DD)
    3.207191, 38.038651
  • Participant type
    Central state actor
    Local state actor
    International or transnational actor
    Domestic religious organisation/leader or other elder
    Local community/civilian group(s)/civil society organisations
    Regional state actor
  • Mediator, facilitator or similar
    Mediator or similar referred to
    Mediator (references)
    No referred to in the agreement text, but the accompanying report states that the meeting was supported by the Pastoralist Shade Initiative.
    Type of mediator/facilitator/similar
    International or transnational actor

Local issues

  • Ritual/prayer and process (including use of scripture)

    No specific mention.

  • Grievance List

    No specific mention.

  • Cattle rustling/banditry
    Page 1,
    Peace will be safeguarded through the implementation of the following fines:
    1. If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is 4 animals per animal stolen. The culprit also has to pay the expenses incurred for tracking the animal, and will be handed over to government law.
  • Social cover

    No specific mention.


ANNEX II:

Maikona and Walda Peace Declaration - 28th July 2009

We, the undersigned, have accepted peace between our communities, the Borana and the Gabra.

We pledge to live peacefully with one another and to share the natural resources of water and pasture.

Peace will be maintained through regular meetings between representatives of both communities, at alternating locations.

Peace will be safeguarded through the implementation of the following fines:

If a person is caught with a stolen animal, the fine is 4 animals per animal stolen.

The culprit also has to pay the expenses incurred for tracking that animal, and will be handed over to government law.

If a person injures another with intent to kill, the fine is 15 cows and they will be handed over to government law.

If a person kills another, the fine is 30 cows and they will be handed over to government law.

If a person is spreading lies and propaganda, inciting people to fight, they will be fined expenses and 5 cows.

If a person conceals a culprit or information, they and the concealed person will be fined the same, depending on the crime.

SIGNED

Galma Dabasso, Borana Chukulisa Tuye, Gabba

Jattani Kotote, Borana Sori Salesa, Gabra

Abdub Dengich, Borana Anudo Guyo, Gabra

Adi Mary Hapana, Borana Quri Guyo, Gabra

Salesa Galma, Borana Adudo Godana, Gabra